Space Station

HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT

FISCAL YEAR 1996 ESTIMATES

BUDGET SUMMARY

OFFICE OF SPACE FLIGHT SPACE STATION

SUMMARY OF RESOURCES REQUIREMENTS

FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
(Thousands of Dollars)

Development....................................... 1,918,200 1,752,400 1,612,800
Utilization support............................... 21,000 28,300 67,900
Operations........................................ -- 108,900 152,900

Total..................................... 1,939,200 1,889,600 1,833,600

Distribution of Program Amount by Installation

Johnson Space Center.............................. 392,000 333,100 349,000
Space Station Program Office...................... 1,071,400 1,394,000 1,307,100
Kennedy Space Center.............................. 57,000 81,200 73,000
Marshall Space Flight Center...................... 221,300 48,400 81,700
Langley Research Center........................... 1,300 900 100
Lewis Research Center............................. 132,200 17,600 8,700
Jet Propulsion Laboratory......................... 200 -- --
Headquarters...................................... 63,800 14,400 14,000

Total..................................... 1,939,200 1,889,600 1,833,600

PROGRAM GOALS

The goal of the international Space Station is to provide a long-duration laboratory to allow investigations of the limits of human
performance, vastly expand human experience in living and working in space, and provide the capability to understand whether
there are additional opportunities for the large-scale commercial development of space. The experience and dramatic results
obtained from the use of the international Space Station, together with information obtained from robotic missions to the Moon,
near-Earth asteroids, and Mars, will guide the future direction of the Human Exploration and Development of Space Enterprise, one
of NASA's key strategic areas. The Space Station is key to NASA's ability to fulfill its mission to explore, use, and enable the
development of space for human enterprise.

STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING GOALS

The Space Station is unique because it will provide the world with a permanent outpost in space. The schedule for the current
design emphasizes an early permanent crew capability that provides an advanced research laboratory for use by international crews
for extended durations. Therefore, very early into the program, the Space Station will provide enormous benefits to stimulate new
technologies, enhance industrial competitiveness, further commercial space enterprises, and add greatly to the storehouse of
scientific knowledge. In March of 1994, a Systems Design Review (SDR) was completed, which validated the current system design
as meeting program requirements.

The international Space Station is the culmination of the redesign work begun in FY 1993 to increase efficiency and effectiveness in
response to lower projections for the Agency budget and growing emphasis on other programs, such as science and aeronautics.
Human presence in space is one of NASA's highest priorities, and the redesigned Space Station has met the President's goal to
reduce program costs while still providing significant research capabilities. An entirely new management approach has been
implemented, in which a single contractor (Boeing) has been given total prime and integration responsibilities, with the previous
prime contractors (McDonnell Douglas, Rocketdyne, and Boeing Huntsville) serving as first-tier subcontractors to Boeing. This has
produced clearer lines of authority and greater accountability. In addition, program management has relocated to a streamlined
Space Station Program Office (SSPO) in Houston, structured around integrated product teams with responsibility for bringing the
systems and elements into integrated launch packages. Project management organizations at the various centers have been
eliminated. Efficiencies have been gained through these program management improvements, design changes, a simplified
integration effort, and our recent invitation to the Russians to enter into the international partnership.

The Space Station will be developed within annual funding constraints of $2.1 billion, which includes not only the program
described here, but also agreed-upon content for Space Shuttle-Mir activities, science payload facilities, and utilization related to the
Space Station. Within NASA, extensive coordination with the user community is ongoing, with payload facilities and research and
technology activities provided by the Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications, the Office of Space Access and
Technology, and the Office of Mission to Planet Earth. These include the centrifuge and related facilities, furnaces, gloveboxes,
various pieces of lab support equipment, solar dynamic flight experiment, and research and experiment development, and are
funded in those programs' respective budgets. The current estimate for completing the development and assembly of the Space
Station is $17.4 billion (from FY 1994 through June 2002), including $14.7 billion for developing and operating the Station,
$0.2 billion for Space Shuttle-Mir activities, and $2.5 billion for science payload facilities and utilization. The total estimate and
schedule is contingent upon annual funding levels of $2.1 billion for the activities described above. This funding level reflects the
Agency commitment to Administration guidance, and is the minimum necessary to ensure the success of the program.

The Space Station's international aspect was initiated in 1984 with invitations for the full participation of other nations. President
Clinton has expanded the international scope of the Space Station dramatically by forming a cooperation with the Russian Space
Agency (RSA). Space Station team members include NASA, RSA, the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the European Space Agency
(ESA), and the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). The continued partnerships with the CSA, ESA, and NASDA
significantly enhance the capabilities of the international Space Station, and ensure compatible development of interfacing elements.
In accordance with the terms of our agreements, the U.S. and the international partners will share the total available resources and
the common costs for operations. Currently, the CSA, ESA and NASDA have invested almost $4 billion for design and development,
and anticipate a total expenditure of $8-9 billion. In accordance with the terms of the agreements, the U.S. and the international
partners will share the total available resources and the common costs for operations. This unprecedented level of international
cooperation could also serve as a model for cooperative activities in future space projects and enhance the feasibility of advanced
initiatives.

Assembly of the Space Station will commence in 1997 at an inclination of 51.6 degrees in order to fully utilize Russian contributions
as well as U.S. and partner capabilities. The Space Station will support permanent 3-person crew operations in 1998, and evolve to
a permanent 6-person crew by 2002. To ensure the earliest possible science and research activity, microgravity capability is
planned for 1998, with the outfitting of the U.S. lab in December. With completion in June 2002, the Station will provide 110
kilowatts of electrical power (with 46 kW for users), 33 payload racks in the U.S., ESA and NASDA laboratory modules, three
Russian research modules, and an operational lifetime of approximately ten years

BASIS OF FY 1996 FUNDING REQUIREMENT

SPACE STATION DEVELOPMENT

FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
(Thousands of Dollars)

Flight hardware.................................. 1,609,700 1,319,900 1,277,200
Test, manufacturing and assembly................. 99,000 94,900 90,300
Operations capability and construction........... 151,000 169,800 137,100
Transportation support........................... 58,500 117,600 83,000
Flight technology demonstrations................. -- 30,000 10,400

Subtotal................................. 1,918,200 1,732,200 1,598,000

Operations capability and construction
Neutral buoyancy laboratory - CofF............. -- 20,200 14,800

Total.................................... 1,918,200 1,752,400 1,612,800

PROGRAM GOALS

Development of the international Space Station will provide an on-orbit, habitable laboratory for science and research activities,
including flight and test hardware and software, flight demonstrations for risk mitigation, ground operations capability and facility
construction, shuttle hardware and integration for assembly and operation of the station, mission planning, and integration of
Space Station systems.

STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING GOALS

Space Station elements will be provided by the U.S. and our international partners. The U.S. elements include two nodes, a
laboratory module, truss segments, four photovoltaic arrays, a habitation module, three pressurized mating adapters, a cupola, and
an unpressurized logistics carrier. Various systems are also being developed by the U.S., including thermal control, life support,
navigation and propulsion, command and data handling, power systems, and internal audio/video. The U.S. elements also include
the FGB energy tug, being provided by a Russian firm under the Boeing prime contract, and a pressurized logistics module,
similarly provided by Italy.

Canada, European nations, Japan, and Russia are also developing hardware for the international Space Station. Laboratory
elements will be provided by the Japanese and European Space Agencies. Canada will provide the remote manipulator system, vital
for assembly of the station. The Russian Space Agency, invited to join the partnership, is providing experiment, power and service
modules, Soyuz crew transfer vehicle, and one universal docking module (UDM).

Boeing has been awarded the prime contract for the Space Station, including integration responsibility. As a subcontractor to
Boeing, McDonnell Douglas will develop and build the integrated truss segments that separate station elements and house essential
systems, including central power distribution, thermal distribution and attitude control equipment. Radiators, communications
antennas, photovoltaic (PV) elements and the Space Station Robotics Manipulator System are also mounted to truss segments.

All U.S. pressurized volumes are developed by Boeing Defense and Space Group, Missiles and Space Division in Huntsville, which is
considered a first tier subcontractor to Boeing prime. After the first element launch in November 1997 of the FGB energy block, the
next flight will launch Node 1, a pressurized volume which contains four radial and two axial berthing ports. The node will be
launched with two Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMAs) attached and will serve as the docking location for the delivery of the U.S.
Laboratory Module and the pressurized logistics module. Node 2 with an attached cupola is manifested in the second phase of
assembly. The final U.S. pressurized volume is the Habitation Module which will contain the galley, ward room, waste management,
water processing and other crew support functions necessary for human operations.

The power system, essential to the station's housekeeping operations and scientific payloads, will be built by Rocketdyne Division,
Rockwell International, in a subcontracted effort to Boeing. Four PV elements, containing a mast, alpha joint, radiator, arrays and
associated power storage and conditioning elements make up the power system.

The development program also includes test, manufacturing and assembly support for critical NASA center activities and
institutional support. Test capabilities, the provision of government furnished equipment (GFE), and engineering analysis provide
in-line products to support the work of the prime contractor, its major subcontractors and NASA system engineering and integration
efforts.

Operations capability provides the development of a set of facilities, systems and capabilities to conduct the operations of the Space
Station. The work will be performed at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and the Johnson Space Center (JSC). The KSC will develop
launch site operations capabilities for conducting prelaunch and post-landing ground operations. The JSC will develop space
systems operation capabilities for conducting training and on-orbit operations control of the Space Station. Construction of the
Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) in Houston will provide the capability for Space Station crew training to support a March 1997
training need date. Requirements for simultaneous extravehicular activity (EVA) training (up to nine crews at a time) and larger
volume for time critical EVA tasks has dictated the NBL requirement. Although the FY 1995 budget planned for construction of the
NBL on-site at the JSC, the FY 1996 budget requests authority to lease and subsequently purchase the Clear Lake Development
Facility from McDonnell Douglas, including modification of the existing facility as an NBL.

The redesigned Space Station emphasizes multicenter and multiprogram cooperation. At JSC, a consolidated approach between
Space Shuttle and Space Station will minimize, if not prevent, duplicated effort and costs for command and control and training.
Crew training will be based on a detailed risk analysis to determine the optimum failure response training profile. Therefore,
training will be knowledge- and proficiency-based rather than driven by timeline and detailed procedures rehearsal. At KSC,
investments in facilities will be limited. The redesigned Space Station will make efficient use of available personnel from other
programs.

Transportation support provides those activities which are required to mate and integrate the Space Shuttle and Space Station systems.
This budget line supports development and procurement of two external airlocks, and upgrade of a third airlock to full system
capability, which are required both for docking the Space Shuttle with the Russian Mir and for use with the Space Station. Other items
in this budget include: the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) and Space Shuttle Mission Training Facility upgrades; development of a
UHF communications system and a laser sensor; procurement of an Operational Space Vision System; procurement of three docking
mechanisms and Space Station docking rings; EVA/extravehicular mobility units (EMU) services and hardware; and integration costs to
provide analyses and model development.

Space Station technology and system validation funding requirements include flight technology demonstrations in areas of joint
NASA/RSA development that pose a level of technical or programmatic risk, warranting additional verification. Risk areas include life
support, the data processing system, automatic rendezvous and docking, vibration isolation in a microgravity environment, assembly
and maintenance, loads and dynamics, contamination, radiation environment, and micrometeoroid/orbital debris. In addition, funding
is provided for operational techniques development for procedures, utilizing the Space Shuttle flights to the current Russian Mir, that
will benefit the future operational phases of the Space Station program. A solar dynamic technology demonstration is being developed
jointly with RSA for a mission to Mir, and is co-funded with the Office of Space Access and Technology.

MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE

Russian Elements Baselined - Addition of Russian elements to "Alpha" design which came out of Space Station redesign
October 1993 activities during FY 1993.

Systems Requirements Programmatic and technical review to validate top level system requirements.
Review - December 1993

Contract Novation/Letter Established Boeing as single prime with integration responsibility, with former Space Station
Contract With Boeing - Freedom primes as first-tier subcontractors to Boeing.
February 1994

Systems Design Review - Technical review to validate that current system designs meet program requirements.
March 1994

Agreement With Boeing - "Not-to-exceed" handshake agreement with Boeing prime for SDR baselined design.
August 1994

Technical Convergence Technical review to assure that vehicle design baseline is consistent with engineering and
Review - November 1994 contractual documentation, feasible with acceptable development risk, safe, operable and
supports utilization.

Joint Program Review First in a series of top-level reviews of NASA-RSA cooperative effort; confirmed program
(Moscow) - milestones for 1995 and beyond.
November 1994

Definitize Boeing Contract - Finalization of NASA-Boeing agreement; establishes contractual baseline, cost and fee
January 1995 arrangement for Space Station.

Incremental Design Reviews - Series of incremental, cumulative reviews throughout the design phase, which assure that
March 1995 (IDR-1) and system level requirements are properly implemented in the design, have traceability, and that
2nd Qtr FY 1996 (IDR-2) hardware and software can be integrated to support staged assembly and operation. FY 1995
review will assess technical feasibility for the first six assembly flights, and forward planning
review of all assembly flights.

Prime Development Activity

NOTE: All activities listed are planning milestones, and are not contractual.

Flight 1A: (November 1997) Self-powered, active vehicle; provides attitude control through early assembly stages;
(First Element Launch) provides fuel storage capability after the service module is attached; provides rendezvous
(Proton Launch Vehicle) and docking capability
FGB Energy Block Complete manufacture of structural components for first FGB flight article (3rd Qtr FY 1996)
Complete subcontractor component deliveries to RSA for FGB assembly (3rd Qtr FY 1996)
Complete manufacture of compartment that houses solar arrays on FGB (2nd Qtr FY 1996)
Complete manufacture of the second of two solar panels for the FGB (3rd Qtr FY 1996)
Complete and install solar arrays in FGB flight article (4th Qtr FY 1996)

Flight 2A: (December 1997) Initial U.S. pressurized element, launched with PMA-1, PMA-2, and 2 stowage racks;
Node 1, Pressurized Mating PMA-1 provides the interfaces between U.S. and Russian elements;
Adapters (PMA-1, PMA-2) PMA-2 provides a Space Shuttle docking location
Complete mechanical equipment installation into node structural test article (1st Qtr
FY 1996)
Complete node structural test article (STA) proof pressure/leak rate qualification testing
(2nd Qtr FY 1996)
Complete node structural test article (STA) static flight loads testing (4th Qtr FY 1996)
Begin engineering, fabrication, assembly, set-up and preparation for node STA modal survey
test (3rd Qtr FY 1996)
Complete procurement of hardware for construction of Node 1 flight article (2nd Qtr FY 1996)
Complete welding for Node 1 flight article (FA) primary structure (3rd Qtr FY 1996)
Complete installation of mechanical equipment into Node 1 flight article primary structure
(4th Qtr FY 1996)
Complete design and fabrication of Node 1 FA external secondary structure (e.g. multilayer
insulation) (3rd Qtr FY 1996)
Begin final assembly and outfitting of all major components of Node 1 flight article (4th Qtr
FY 1996)
Complete pressurized mating adapter (PMA-1) design (4th Qtr FY 1996)
Complete pressurized mating adapter (PMA-2) design (3rd Qtr FY 1996)

Flight 3A: (June 1998) Z1 Truss allows temporary installation of the P6 photovoltaic module to node 1
Z1 Truss Segment, for early U.S. based power; KU-band and CMGs support early science capability;
Control Moment Gyros PMA-3 provides a Space Shuttle docking location for the lab installation on flight 5A
(CMGs), PMA-3, KU-Band Complete Z1 truss Critical Design Review (3rd Qtr FY 1996)
Begin fabrication and assembly of Z1 truss (2nd Qtr FY 1996)
Complete design of control moment gyros (CMGs) (1st Qtr FY 1996)
Complete fabrication and assembly of CMG qualification unit (3rd Qtr FY 1996)
Begin build of CMG flight articles 1-4 (3rd Qtr FY 1996)
PMA-3 pressurized shell & secondary structure on-dock at McDonnell Douglas for tooling &
fabrication (3rd Qtr FY 1996)

Flight 4A: (September 1998) Establishes initial U.S. photovoltaic module based power capability; installed in a temporary
P6 Truss Segment, location on top of the Z1 truss until flight 13A when it is permanently attached to the P5
Photovoltaic Array, truss; includes 2 TCS radiators for early active thermal control
Thermal Control System (TCS) Complete P6 truss segment (long spacer) qualification unit design (2nd Qtr FY 1996)
Radiators, S-Band Begin fabrication and assembly of P6 truss segment qualification unit (4th Qtr FY 1996(
Complete assembly of integrated electronics assembly (IEA) qualification unit (1st Qtr
FY 1996)
Complete mechanical installation and outfitting of IEA qualification unit (2nd Qtr FY 1996)
Complete IEA qualification unit hardware/software integration and functional testing
(3rd Qtr FY 1996)
Begin thermal vacuum testing of IEA qualification unit

Flight 5A: (November 1998) Establishes initial U.S. user capability; launches with 4 system racks preintegrated;
U.S. Laboratory, KU-band and CMGs are activated
4 Lab System Racks Begin laboratory common module STA qualification testing (3rd Qtr FY 1996)
Complete development of lab flight article pressure vessel (4th Qtr FY 1996)

Flight 6A: (December 1998) Adds U.S. lab outfitting with 1 stowage and 7 systems racks; UHF antenna provides
Mini-Pressurized Logistics space-to-space communication capability for U.S. based EVA; manifests Canadian SSRMS
Module (MPLM - Lab needed to perform assembly operations on later flights
Outfitting), Canadian Complete MPLM-1 flight article structure procurement (2nd Qtr FY 1996)
Remote Manipulator Complete fabrication of MPLM-1 qualification unit (1st Qtr FY 1996)
System, UHF Begin fabrication and assembly of MPLM-1 flight article (3rd Qtr FY 1996)

Non-Prime Development Activity

Global Positioning System Provides autonomous, real-time determination of Space Station's position, velocity, and attitude
of absolute time
Complete Critical Design Review (4th Qtr FY 1996)

Crew Health Care System Provides crew health care system hardware included in the health maintenance system,
and the countermeasure system required to ensure crew health and safety
Complete Critical Design Review (3rd Qtr FY 1996)
Complete manufacture and assembly of qualification hardware (4th Qtr FY 1996)

Flight Crew Systems Provides flight and training hardware and provisions for food and food packaging development;
housekeeping management; portable breathing apparatus; commonality of decals and
placards
Complete Critical Design Review (tools/diagnostics/housekeeping) (1st Qtr FY 1996)
Complete production of qualification hardware (tools/diagnostics/housekeeping) (3rd Qtr
FY 1996)
Complete test and verification of qualification hardware (tools/diagnostics) (4th Qtr FY 1996)

Joint Airlock Servicing Provides flight servicing, performance unit, and certification unit, Russian space suit support
And Performance Unit hardware interface definition and documentation, test plans and reports, mockups, and
thermal analysis
Complete Critical Design Review (2nd Qtr FY 1996)
Certification unit hardware delivered to Airlock Test Article (2nd Qtr FY 1996)

Station Training Facility Primary facility for space systems operations training and procedures verification
(STF) Part task trainer ready for Flight 1A (4th Qtr FY 1996)
Achieve Mission Control Center (MCC)/STF integrated operations capability (3rd Qtr
FY 1996)

Integrated Planning Provides planning and analysis tools for pre-increment and real-time operations systems
(IPS) supporting trajectory/flight design, timelines, resource utilization, onboard systems,
performance analyses systems operation data file procedures and control, maintenance
operations, inventory and logistics planning, robotics analysis, procedures development
Achieve First Element Launch capability (2nd Qtr FY 1996)

Mission Control Center Facility providing integrated command and control capabilities and support to real-time
increment operations
Achieve capability for: ascent/entry; full Mir command/telemetry support; data
record/playback; initial voice record/playback (3rd Qtr FY 1996)

Neutral Buoyancy Provides training tank facility for neutral buoyancy training capability; current planning is
Laboratory (NBL) to initially lease and subsequently acquire the Clear Lake Development Facility to
house the NBL
Complete training tank construction (3rd Qtr FY 1996)
Joint occupancy for NASA outfitting (4th Qtr FY 1996)

ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PLANS

During FY 1994, the contractual arrangement with the three former prime contractors was realigned to create a single prime
(Boeing), with full integration responsibility. Subsequently, a major effort was devoted to implementation of this new management
scheme. A Request for Proposal (RFP) was released, based on the technical program baselined at the System Design Review in
March 1994, and Boeing submitted a $7.4 billion proposal. Extensive fact-finding activities were carried out with Boeing and each
of the first tier subcontractors (McDonnell Douglas, Rocketdyne, and Boeing Huntsville). Adjustments were made in program
content and development approach, followed by contract negotiations with Boeing prime. On August 31, a $6.2 billion "not-to-
exceed" handshake agreement was reached, and the contract definitization process has been underway since that time. A final
contract was signed January 13, 1995.

In concert with this activity, the Space Station Program Office was staffed in Houston, with newly defined teams, functions, and
interfaces. Additionally, Utilization and Research Offices were formally established, to ensure user participation in all aspects of
station planning and development.

Additional contractual activity included:

- Definitization of a contract with the Russian Space Agency
- Entry into a contract with Lockheed for procurement of the Russian-built FGB
- Award of contract to Rockwell for Space Shuttle external airlocks and modification kits

These contractual activities are a reflection of the program changes related to incorporation of extensive Russian involvement in the
international Space Station. In FY 1994, a three phase program was formulated and negotiated with the Russians, to provide early
research through utilization of the existing Mir Space Station (Phase I); early microgravity capability on the international Space
Station using a combination of U.S., Canadian and Russian provided hardware (Phase II); assembly and operation of a six person
permanently staffed research facility, with full international participation (Phase III). During FY 1994 the technical configuration and
requirements were established to accommodate Russian hardware and placement of the Space Station in a 51.6 degree orbit. Study
of, and modifications to U.S. elements and systems have been necessary to assure integration of hardware not originally designed for
a 51.6 degree inclination or Russian interfaces.

As a result of these changes, the program baselined a station configuration in the System Requirements Review, including a fourth
photovoltaic array. The assembly sequence was adjusted to reduce risk and provide early U.S. power. A Program Execution Plan
was put into place, and a Vehicle Architecture Review conducted, to assure that any cost reduction activities had no adverse effects
on the technical design.

Design, development and testing of hardware continued through FY 1994, including successful thermal vacuum testing of the beta
gimbal assembly; completion of the first hatch subassembly; and welding of the aft cylinder common module structural test article,
as well as the node structural test article bulkhead and radial docking port. The first of two extravehicular activity mobility units
were shipped from Hamilton Standard to the Johnson Space Center (JSC). In addition, construction was completed on the Space
Station Processing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC).

Activity in FY 1995 will result in a definitized contract with Boeing prime, followed by an Incremental Design Review (IDR) in the
second quarter. Negotiations will be completed with the Russian supplier of the FGB energy core in order to support the First
Element Launch. Development of the payload training capability at the JSC and physical integration capability at the KSC will be
completed, in addition to the design of payload ground systems and facilities. Node 1 qualification testing will start, and
manufacture of the Node 1 flight article is scheduled to begin. The laboratory engineering development article (EDA) will be
completed, as will fabrication of the Space Station Airlock Test Article (SSATA). Construction is planned to begin on the Neutral
Buoyancy Laboratory, and delivery of docking module hardware is scheduled (mockups, experimental test unit and flight unit).

In FY 1996, effort will continue to press toward First Element Launch in November 1997. Manufacture and testing of flight
hardware, preparation of operational capability, and construction of facilities will highlight development activities during the fiscal
year. As evidenced by the milestones listed in the Measures of Performance section, final fabrication and testing of flight hardware
will be the focus, in order to meet the demands of the early assembly and utilization missions. The first six U.S. flights referenced
in that section complete Phase 2 of the three-phase program and establish the initial U.S. research capability for the utilization
flights that will begin in the second quarter of FY 1999.

BASIS OF FY 1996 FUNDING REQUIREMENT

UTILIZATION SUPPORT

FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
(Thousands of Dollars)

User support..................................... 21,000 28,300 67,900

PROGRAM GOALS

Utilization support provides and operates the Payload Operations Integration Center (POIC)/United States Operations Center (USOC)
user support facilities and the systems and capabilities necessary for user operations. Following development of facilities and
capabilities, utilization support will integrate user support and conduct user operations across NASA centers and with the
international partners. Using Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC) existing capability, utilization support will provide streamlined
and responsive payload operations support to users through a consolidated research and science control facility.

STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING GOALS

Consolidated utilization includes development of a payload operations integration capability and the Payload Training Complex as
well as extensive payload mission planning, analytical integration, and the Payload Data Servicing System (PDSS). The MSFC's
unique express rack program provides an efficient payload integration capability for smaller payloads that require a limited amount
of resources. User support also includes outreach, express pallet program, and support equipment.

User operations encompasses the payload functions from the initial definition of the payload for flight through the onboard
operation and return of the data to the user. Funding is provided for payload planning, development of operations documentation,
training of the flight and ground teams and the execution of each mission to meet the needs of the users.

For the redesigned Space Station, the payload integration process has been streamlined and shortened significantly. Standardized
payload accommodations and an express rack concept have been adopted to allow for later payload manifesting. Real-time support
has also been reduced, based on a flexible planning concept that allows for activity scheduling during the mission.

The POIC and USOC are located in the MSFC Huntsville Operations Support Center (HOSC) to aid in the streamlined payload
process. Space Station unique capabilities will augment the capabilities of the infrastructure which shall also provide support to
Space Shuttle/Spacelab missions and the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility. Services and capabilities provided within the
POIC/USOC shall include: communications, voice services, video services, data system services, and actual user facilities.

Many of the functions of payload integration benefit the international partners. Payload integration, training, and the POIC
operations are all functions provided by the U.S. that are necessary for payloads to be integrated at the stationwide level.

MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE

Complete Systems Requirements The PDSS provides the data handling software and network needed to distribute data from
Definition for Payload Data the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) to users at the POIC/USOC and other
Servicing System (PDSS) - remote systems.
2nd Qtr FY 1994

Complete Operations Concept for Performing payload operations for Space Shuttle and Space Station in the same facility allows
Space Shuttle/Space Station for more efficient and cost effective payload operations.
operations in the HOSC -
April 1994

First TASP unit delivery - Test & Simulation Processor (TASP) is used to verify the PDSS software in a real-time flight
3rd QTR FY 1995 simulated environment.

Complete Phase 1 & 2 of the POIC/USOC systems provide real-time support to Space Station payloads including:
POIC/USOC integrated systems - communication, voice, video, data systems, and facility services.
3rd Qtr FY 1995
(Final Phase 5 complete
1st Qtr FY 1998)

Complete PDSS Integration & Test - The PDSS provides the data handling software and network needed to distribute data from
4th Qtr FY 1996 the TDRSS users at the POIC/USOC and other remote facilities.

Receive first of four increments Payload Information Management System (PIMS) provides online data system elements for
for (PIMS) - 2nd Qtr FY 1996 reception, system (PIMS) software code/test recording and distribution of telemetry data to
(Final build - 3rd Qtr FY 1998) users and verification consoles and remote user facilities.

Complete front end processor The front end processor unit is a key element in the reception of data from TDRSS. It converts
build - 3rd Qtr FY 1996 high rate data into usable low rate data.

ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PLANS

FY 1994 marked the formal establishment of the Utilization Office. Early in the process the Payload and Research Requirements
were updated and implemented in the international Space Station program. Additionally in FY 1994 the EXPRESS rack, which
provides standard power and data communications interfaces for payloads, was transferred into flight hardware development and
the ESA distributed operations concept was baselined. The PDSS completed its system and detailed requirements definition and the
POIC/USOC had completed preliminary system design and development.

During FY 1995 PDSS development will continue with the first Test and Simulation Processor unit delivery in the 3rd quarter. The
POIC/USOC integrated system, which will be completed in five phases will complete phase I and phase II of development. Also in FY
1995, increment operations preparations and payload analytical integration began for the first utilization flights.

Completion of the payload ground system and facilities design is planned for FY 1996. As indicated in the Measures of Performance
section above, activities begin to focus more on integration and test. Key activities include qualification, fabrication and delivery of
an EXPRESS rack to be flown on the Microgravity Science Lab. Development and design of the payload training capability at the
Johnson Space Center (JSC) and physical integration capability at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) will be completed during FY
1996. The PDSS design and development will be completed and integration and testing will begin. Phase III and IV of the
POIC/USOC system will be completed

BASIS OF FY 1996 FUNDING REQUIREMENT

SPACE STATION OPERATIONS

FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
(Thousands of Dollars)

Vehicle operations................................ -- 40,100 50,800
Ground and transportation operations.............. -- 68,800 102,100

Total..................................... -- 108,900 152,900

PROGRAM GOALS

The first objective of the operations program is to provide for the safe, reliable, and sustained operation of the Space Station and the
ground and transportation operations required to support the vehicle. The second major goal is to perform the operations in a
simplified and affordable manner. Space Station operations will rely on the infrastructure developed for the Space Shuttle and the
experience derived from the Space Shuttle-Mir program to develop efficient and effective operations. Finally, operations will facilitate
the transition of the various elements of development to the operations program.

STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING GOALS

In order to increase the efficiency and lower the cost of operations, Vehicle Operations and Ground and Transportation operations
planning will begin early in development.

Vehicle operations will provide: post-development systems engineering and integration to sustain the specification performance and
reliability of Space Station systems; logistics support for flight hardware and launch site ground support equipment; and
configuration management and any associated procurement activity.

Vehicle operations sustaining engineering will be performed by a small cadre of civil service system experts located at each
development center, as opposed to carryover of prime contractor and subcontractor personnel. Additionally, flight software
sustaining engineering will be consolidated at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) to allow all flight software to be handled under a
single contract.

Maintenance and repair costs have been minimized on the redesigned Space Station by accepting longer repair time spans,
establishing a single maintenance and repair capability at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and using original equipment
manufacturers or other certified industry repair resources.

Ground operations will provide command and control, training, operations support and launch site processing. A unified command
and control center for the Space Station composed of the Mission Control Center-Houston (MCC-H) and the Mission Control Center
(MCC)-Kaliningrad. The MCC-H will be the prime site for the planning and execution of integrated system operations of the Space
Station, with exclusive command and control authority. Communication links from both Moscow and Houston will support control
activities, using the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) system.

Flight controllers will be trained to operate the Space Station as a single integrated vehicle, with full systems capability in the
training environment. Crew members will be trained in Space Station systems, operations, and other activities expected during a
mission. Part-task and full hardware mockups and simulators will be used to provide adequate training for the crew prior to flight.
Integrated training, consolidation of training facilities and the concept of proficiency based learning will increase the efficiency of the
overall training effort.

Operations support will provide analysis supporting systems definition, development, and implementation to ensure a safe and
operationally viable vehicle is delivered and can be maintained. Functions include the following: vehicle design participation and
assessment, operations product development, ground facility requirements and test support, ground display and limited
applications development, resource planning, crew systems and maintenance, extravehicular activity (EVA) and photo/TV training,
operations safety assessments, medical operations tasks, mission execution and systems performance assessment, and sustaining
engineering.

Launch site processing will begin at the KSC after the flight cargo elements have undergone acceptance testing at the development
location. Processing includes integrated testing, interface verification, servicing, launch activities and experiment-to-rack physical
integration. Because Space Station is a ten-year operational program, no major upgrades to facility systems and equipment are
being planned.

MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE

Issue first multi-increment Provides the basis for all planning of assembly and utilization flights.
manifest - December 1995

Publish FY 1996 operations A comprehensive plan for all operations activities necessary to support the Space Station first
summary - June 1995 element launch (FEL) and follow-on flights.

Baseline bilateral NASA-RSA Details the roles and responsibilities NASA and RSA will perform during Space Station
Operations Implementation Plan - operations.
August 1995

Complete Integrated Planning The specific software that enables on time delivery of the initial station element at KSC.
System for First Element Launch -
March 1996

Complete MCC-H/SSTF Integrated Supports the training schedule required to train ground crews for real-time operations of the
Operations Training Capability - Space Station Vehicle.
May 1996

Part Task training capability Required 18 months prior to flight for real-time operations training.
for U.S. flights 1A to 4A -
July 1996

Demonstrate MCC-H full Mir Real-time validation of the MCC-H command and telemetry capability necessary for the
command and telemetry support support of the Space Station flight vehicle.
capability - July 1996

ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PLANS

Although no operations funding was expended in FY 1994, the Space Station Operations Program Office was established. Teams,
functions and interfaces were defined. A basic concept for operations was developed based on the NASA Operations Phase
Assessment Team and the Concept of Operations and Utilization (COU), which is the formal document that provides top level source
information on how international Space Station operates, was baselined with all partners except Russia. Negotiations regarding
Space Station command and control with the Russians were begun.

At the beginning of FY 1995, the Phase I operations strategy was completed. Throughout the fiscal year operations will provide
support to station design and development teams to ensure safe and cost-effective operability of the Space Station. The MCC-H will
provide support to the May 1995 docking mission to Mir in the special vehicle operations room. The Space Station Training Facility
(SSTF) will have almost complete capability for full and part-task training. It will be able to provide full-up MCC-H flight controller
training and integrated ground crew training. Logistics and maintenance activities include provision of vehicle design evaluation in
conjunction with the IDR-1 to ensure supportability during the operational time frame. Spares requirements and maintenance
procedures will also be developed.

In FY 1996, funding will support the MCC-H with ascent/entry capability, full Mir command and telemetry support capability, and
data/voice record and playback capability. The integrated planning system will begin planning for first element launch and the
SSTF will also begin part task training for the U.S. lab. Before the end of FY 1996, the MCC-H and the SSTF will begin Integrated
Operations Training which will provide crucial training for real-time Space Station operations. Supply support, transportation
support, and site facilities support infrastructure required for spaces and repairs will be provided in preparation of major buys that
will begin in FY 1997. Additionally, long lead spare items such as electronic, and electro-mechanical (EEE) parts will be purchased
to support orbital replaceable unit (ORU) spares.

HSF 1