Project Budgeting and Cost Control

Program/Project Management Resource List #8

Revised Dec. 2006

Proper budgeting and cost control are vital ingredients of a successful project. When a project is insufficiently funded, the quality of work and the speed of the project suffer. On the other hand, the project manager must be careful to keep costs under control, so that Americans will receive the most value for their money. This bibliography provides an overview of budgeting, cost analysis, cost reduction, and cost effectiveness.

All items are available at the Headquarters Library, except as noted. NASA Headquarters employees and contractors: call (358-0172) or email Library@hq.nasa.gov for information on borrowing or in-library use of any of these items. Members of the public, contact your Local Library for the availability of these items. NASA Headquarters employees can request additional materials or research on this topic. The Library welcomes your comments or suggestions about this webpage.


Contents: NASA Policies Books Articles and Reports Internet Resources

NASA Policies

The following procedural requirements can be accessed by anyone through the NASA Online Directives Information System, except as noted.

NASA Policy Directive 1000.0: Strategic Management and Governance Handbook
 
NASA Policy Directive 1050.1G: Authority to Enter Into Space Act Agreements
 
NASA Policy Directive 1200.1D: NASA Internal Control and Accountability
 
NASA Policy Directive 1210.F: Acceptance and Use of Monetary Gifts and Donations by NASA
 
NASA Procedural Requirements 1210.1A: Procedures for Use of Monetary Gifts and Donations by NASA
 
NASA Policy Directive 1210.2: NASA Surveys, Audits, and Reviews Policy
 
NASA Procedural Requirements 5100.4B: Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (NASA/FAR Supplement) [48 CFR 1800-1899]
 
NASA Policy Directive 5101.1E: Requirements for Legal Review of Procurement Matters
 
NASA Policy Directive 5101.32C: Procurement
 
NASA Procedural Requirements 5101.33A: Procurement Advocacy Programs
 
NASA Procedural Requirements 5800.1E: Grant and Cooperative Agreement Handbook
 
NASA Procedural Requirements 5810.1: Standard Format for NASA Research Announcements and other Announcements for Grants and Cooperative Agreements
 
NASA Procedural Requirements 5900.1: NASA Spare Parts Acquisition
 
NASA Policy Directive 9800.1A: NASA OIG Programs
 
NASA Policy Directive 9910.1: GAO/NASA OIG Audit Liason, Resolution, and Followup
 
ASTM E2516: Standard Classification for Cost Estimate Classification System.
This standard can be accessed by NASA employees and contractors through http://standards.nasa.gov/. Members of the public may contact their local libraries for the availability of this item.

Books

Abdel-Khalik, A. Rashad. The Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Accounting. Malden, MA: Blackwell Business, 1998
HF5621 .B54 1998 READY-REFERENCE
 
Bartle, John R. Evolving Theories of Public Budgeting. Amsterdam; New York: JAI, 2001
HJ2005 .E95 2001 BOOKSTACKS
 
Boden, Daryl G., and Wiley J. Larson. Cost-Effective Space Mission Operations. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996
TL782 .C57 1996 BOOKSTACKS
 
Cappels, Thomas M. Financially Focused Project Management. Boca Raton, FL: J. Ross Pub., 2004
HD69 .P75 C37 2004 PPM-STACKS
 
Cooper, Robin, and Regine Slagmulder. Target Costing and Value Engineering. Portland, OR: Productivity Press; Montvale, N.J.: IMA Foundation for Applied Research, 1997
TS168 .C66 1997 BOOKSTACKS
 
European Space Agency. Publications Division. Space Project Management: Cost and Schedule Management/ECSS Secretariat, ESA-ESTEC, Requirements and Standards Division. Noordwijk, The Netherlands: ESA Publications Division, 1996
HD69 .P75 S634 1996 PPM-STACKS
 
Greenberg, Joel S. Economic Principles Applied to Space Industry Decisions. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003
TL507 .P75 V.201 BOOKSTACKS
 
Hoban, Francis T., William W. Lawbaugh, and Edward J. Hoffman. Where do you go after you've been to the Moon?: A Case Study of NASA's Pioneer Effort at Change. Malabar, FL: Krieger Pub. Co., 1997
TL521.312 .H587 1997 BOOKSTACKS
 
Kaplan, Robert S., and Robin Cooper. Cost and Effect: Using Integrated Cost Systems to Drive Profitability and Performance. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1998
HF5686 .C8 K26 1998 BOOKSTACKS
 
McCurdy, Howard E. Faster, Better, Cheaper: Low-Cost Innovation in the U.S. Space Program. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001
TL796.5 .U5 M37 2001 BOOKSTACKS
 
Miau, Jiun-Jih, and Richard Holdaway. Reducing the Cost of Spacecraft Ground Systems and Operations. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000
TL4015 .R44 2000 BOOKSTACKS
 
Morse, Wayne J., James R. Davis, and Al L. Hartgraves. Management Accounting: A Strategic Approach. Australia; Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Pub., 2000
HF5635 .M67 2000 PPM-STACKS
 
Murman, Earll M. Lean Enterprise Value: Insights from MIT's Lean Aerospace Initiative. New York: Palgrave, 2002
TL685.3 .L38 2002 BOOKSTACKS
 
National Academy of Public Administration. Principal Investigator-Led Missions in Space Science. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Public Administration, 2005
QB500.266 .U6 P83 P75 2005 BOOKSTACKS
 
National Research Council. Committee on Technology for Space Science and Applications of the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board. Reducing the Costs of Space Science Research Missions: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1997
QB500.266 .U6 R43 1997 BOOKSTACKS
 
Phillips, William R., et al. Public Dollars, Common Sense: New Roles for Financial Managers. Washington, D.C.: Coopers and Lybrand, L.L.P., 1997
HD3857 .P83 1997 BOOKSTACKS
 
Stenzel, Catherine and Joe. From Cost to Performance Management: A Blueprint for Organizational Development. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley and Sons, 2003
HD31 .S73 2003 PPM-STACKS
 
Stewart, Rodney D., Richard M. Wyskida, and James D. Johannes (eds). Cost Estimator's Reference Manual. New York: Wiley, 1995.
TA183 .C64 1995 PPM-STACKS
 
Tierney, Cornelius E. Government Auditing: Standards and Practices. Chicago: CCH, 2000
HJ9801 .T55 2000 BOOKSTACKS
 
United States. Congressional Budget Office. A Budgetary Analysis of NASA's New Vision for Space Exploration. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Budget Office, 2004
TL521.312 .B83 2004 BOOKSTACKS
 
United States. General Accounting Office. NASA: Lack of Disciplined Cost-Estimating Processes Hinders Effective Program Management. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2004
TL521.312 .N363 2004 BOOKSTACKS
 
__________. NASA: Sound Management and Oversight Key to Addressing Crew Exploration Vehicle Project Risks. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2006
TL521.3 .C74 2006 PPM-STACKS
 
Wertz, James Richard, and Wiley J. Larson, (eds.). Reducing Space Mission Cost. Torrance, CA: Microcosm Press; Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996
TL872 .R44 1996 BOOKSTACKS
 
__________. Space Mission Analysis and Design. El Segundo, CA: Microcosm ; Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer, 1999
TL790 .S732 1999 BOOKSTACKS and ENG-TRAIN

Articles and Reports

Arena, Mark V., et al. Historical Cost Growth of Completed Weapon System Programs, ADA455020, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA, 2006
(ADA455020: (2006) DTIC)
 
__________. Impossible Certainty: Cost Risk Analysis for Air Force Systems, ADA451312, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA, 2006
(ADA451312: (2006) DTIC)
 
Atkins, Kenneth L. "Mr. Stardust's Wild Ride", ASK Magazine, no. 14 (Oct. 2003), p. 16-19
 
Cross, Lisa. "Benefiting from Costing and Pricing Tools", Graphic Arts Monthly, vol. LXXVI, no. 7 (July 2004), p. 32-34
Available through Wilson Select Plus
 
Denison, Dwight V., and L. Christopher Standora. "Management-Oriented Cost Analysis: An Application to New York State Courts", Public Performance and Management Review, vol. XXIX, no. 3 (March 2006), p. 307-339
 
Eden, Colin, Fran Ackermann, and Terry Williams. "The Amoebic Growth of Project Costs", Project Management Journal, vol. XXXVI, no. 2 (June 2005), p. 15-27
 
Graves, Roger. "Open and Closed: The Monte Carlo Model", PM Network, vol. XV, no. 12 (Dec. 2001), p. 48-52
 
Hamaker, Joseph W. and Axel Roth. "Improving Space Project Cost Estimating with Engineering Management Variables", in ASEM Twenty-Second National Conference. Engineering Management: It's About People, Huntsville, AL, 11-13 Oct. 2001
(20020015704: (2001) NASD)
 
Hihn, J., et al. "Cost Model Validation: A Technical and Cultural Approach", in Third ISPA/SCEA International Meeting, Alexandria, VA, 12 June 2001
<20060031506: (2001) NASD)
 
Hope, Jeremy, and Robin Fraser. "Who Needs Budgets?", Harvard Business Review, vol. LXXXI, no. 2 (Feb. 2003), p. 108-115
 
Kwan, Eric, Hamid Habib-Agahi, and Leigh Rosenberg. "Cost Modeling for Low-Cost Planetary Missions", in Sixth IAA International Conference on Low-Cost Planetary Missions, Kyoto, Japan, 11 Oct. 2005
<(20060042866: (2006) NASD)
 
Leach, Lary. "Schedule and Cost Buffer Sizing: How to Account for the Bias between Project Performance and Your Model", Project Management Journal, vol. XXXIV, no. 2 (June 2003), p. 34-47
 
Lee, Taesik and Peter Jeziorek. "An Exploratory Study of Cost Engineering in Axiomatic Design: Creation of the Cost Model Based on an FR-DP Map", in Third International Conference on Axiomatic Design, Seoul, South Korea, 21-24 Jun3 2004
(20040082391: (2004) NASD)
 
McCurdy, Howard E. Low-Cost Innovation in Spaceflight: The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Shoemaker Mission. NASA/SP-2005-4536. Office of External Relations, History Division, Washington, DC; 2005
(20050159707: (2005) NTRS)
 
Winn, Sharon D. and John W. Hamcher. "NASA/Air Force Cost Model: NAFCOM", in Propulsion for Space Transportation of the Twenty-First Century, Versailles, France, 14-17 May 2002
(20020048607: (2002) NASD)

Internet Resources

NASA Websites
Anderson, Lawrence. Office of the Inspector General. 3 Nov. 2006 [cited 29 Nov. 2006]
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oig/hq/Welcome.html
 
Cyr, Kelley. Cost Estimating Web Site. 21 Jan. 2005 [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
http://www1.jsc.nasa.gov/bu2/index.htm
 
Dunbar, Brian. Independent Program Assessment Office. 7 April 2006. [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
http://ipao.larc.nasa.gov/index.cfm
 
__________. Office of the Chief Financial Officer. 9 March 2006 [cited 29 Nov. 2006]
http://www.nasa.gov/offices/ocfo/home/
 
__________. Office of the Chief Financial Officer. Budget Information and Documents. 9 March 2006 [cited 29 Nov. 2006]
http://www.nasa.gov/offices/ocfo/budget/index.html
 
__________. Office of the Chief Financial Officer. References. 9 March 2006 [cited 29 Nov. 2006]
http://www.nasa.gov/offices/ocfo/references/index.html
 
__________. Office of Program Analysis and Evaluation. 9 March 2006. [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
http://www.nasa.gov/offices/pae/home/index.html
 
Looney, Kelly. Program/Project On-Line Library and Resource Information System (POLARIS). 20 Oct. 2006 [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
https://polaris.nasa.gov/
 
Marucci, Susie. Office of Procurement. 17 Feb. 2004 [cited 29 Nov. 2006]
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/procurement/
 
Short, Joyce. NASA Shared Services Center. Customer Service. 29 Nov. 2006 [cited 29 Nov. 2006]
http://www.nssc.nasa.gov/customerservice/index.htm
 
South, Koby. NASA Shared Services Center. 9 May 2006 [cited 29 Nov. 2006]
http://www.nssc.nasa.gov/
 
Sullivan, Gene. Integrated Enterprise Management Program. 28 March 2006 [cited 29 Nov. 2006]
http://iemp.nasa.gov/
 
Turner, Janelle. Innovative Partnerships Program. 29 Nov. 2006 [cited 29 Nov. 2006]
http://www.ipp.nasa.gov/
 
Wilson, Tara. Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization. 13 July 2006 [cited 29 Nov. 2006]
http://osbp.nasa.gov/
Other Websites
American Society of Professional Estimators. 30 Nov. 2006 [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
http://www.aspenational.com/
 
Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering. 15 Nov. 2006 [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
http://www.aacei.org/
 
Department of Defense. Defense Cost and Resource Center. 1 May 2006 [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
http://dcarc.pae.osd.mil/
 
Department of Defense. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics. 21 Sept. 2006 [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
http://www.acq.osd.mil/
 
Government Accountability Office. Business Modernization: Disciplined Processes Needed to Better Manage NASA's Integrated Financial Management Program. 21 Nov. 2003 [cited 6 Dec. 2006]
http://www.gao.gov/docsearch/abstract.php?rptno=GAO-04-118
 
__________. Business Modernization: NASA's Challenges in Managing Its Integrated Financial Management Program. 21 Nov. 2003 [cited 6 Dec. 2006]
http://www.gao.gov/docsearch/abstract.php?rptno=GAO-04-255
 
__________. Business Modernization: NASA's Integrated Financial Management Program Does Not Fully Address Agency's External Reporting Issues. 21 Nov. 2003 [cited 6 Dec. 2006]
http://www.gao.gov/docsearch/abstract.php?rptno=GAO-04-151
 
__________. Space Acquisitions: Improvements Needed in Space Systems Acquisitions and Keys to Achieving Them. 6 April 2006 [cited 6 Dec. 2006]
http://www.gao.gov/docsearch/abstract.php?rptno=GAO-06-626T
 
International Society of Parametric Analysts. 8 Nov. 2006 [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
http://www.ispa-cost.org/index.htm
 
Society of Cost Estimating and Analysis. 2006 [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
http://www.sceaonline.org/
 
Space Systems Cost Analysis Group. 15 May 2003. [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
http://sscag.saic.com/
 
US Air Force. Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Financial Management and Comptroller). 15 Aug. 2006 [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
https://www.saffm.hq.af.mil/
 
US Army. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller). Office of the Secretariat. 11 Oct. 2006 [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
http://www.asafm.army.mil/secretariat/asafm.asp
 
US Navy. Naval Center for Cost Analysis. 30 Nov. 2006 [cited 30 Nov. 2006]
http://www.ncca.navy.mil/index.cfm
  Dec. 2006