-
SP-4212
- On
Mars: Exploration of the Red Planet. 1958-1978
[525-535] INDEX
- Abelson, Philip H., 80-81, 413
- Able M (launch vehicle stage).
15, 38-39
- Acord, James D, 194n
- Adams, Mac C, 127n
- Advanced Mariner (see also Mariner-Mars
1959), 96, 99-108, 439
- Advanced Rescarch Projects Agency (ARPA),
14, 25-27, 29, 32, 56
- Aeroneutronics Div., Ford Motor Co.,
90
- AeroshelI stagnation-pressure instrument
(Mars atmosphere study), 374-75, 378
- Agnew, Spiro T., 186n
- Ahearn, David B., 217
- Air Force. U.S, 10, 15, 25-28, 33, 37, 38
- Air Force Research and Development
Command, 32
- Alba (Mars: albedo feature), 314
- Alba Patera (Martian volcano),
350, 364
- Allen, J. Denton, 79
- American Institute of Biological Sciences,
56
- Ames Research Center, 66, 68, 69, 71-73, 100, 103, 107, 110, 122, 124, 128, 230, 232, 233
- Amino acids, 52-53
- Anderson, Clinton P., 107, 114
- Anderson, Don L., 226-27, 228, 288n, 323 ill.,392
- Anderson, John W., 254, 255
- Anderson, Roger A., 122, 123
- Antarctica, 235-36, 408
- Apollinares (Mars), 305
- Apollo Applications Program (AAP),
114, 117, 119, 135, 142, 143, 189-90
- Apollo fire (Apollo 204), 109, 113
- Apollo missions
- Apollo 11, 185
- Apollo 14, 281
- Apollo 15, 353
- Apollo 16, 299, 353
- Apollo 17, 353
- Apollo program, 1, 34, 42, 80, 83, 105-08, 119, 128n, 142, 144, 189, 300
- Apollo Telescope Mount, 142
- Appold, N. C., 9n
- Arandas (Mars). 349 ill., 369 ill.
- Arecibo radio astronomy antenna,
320 ill., 321, 322, 334, 335, 339-41, 344
- Argon, 260, 319, 323, 372, 376-78
- Argyre Planioa (Mars), 367 ill.
- Armed Forces Committee on Bioastronautics,
63
- Army, U.S, 17, 19, 25-26, 27
- Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA),
10, 14, 17, 18, 26, 28, 38
- Arnold, James R., 17n, 145n, 147n
- Arsia Silva (Manian volcano), 294 ill
- Arsia Mons (Martian volcano), 364, 366 ill., 369
- Astor, John Jacob, 3
- Astrogeology Center, 332
- Astronautics Division (General Dynamics
Corp.), 15n
- Astronomy (see also Radar, Radio science),
10-12
- Atlantis (Manian region), 78 ill
- Atlas (ICBM), 15-16, 27, 31-32
- Atlas-Agena (launch vehicle), 27, 32, 39-40, 45, 48-49, 74, 75, 437, 439, 465
- Atlas-A,gena B, 27-28, 30, 435, 465-66
- Atlas-Agena D, 75, 465, 467
- Atlas-Centaur (launch vehicle),
27, 30-32, 33ill., 34, 39, 106, 122, 123, 136, 434, 435, 439, 441, 443, 445, 465, 468
- Mariner program, 37-39, 41, 43-45, 47-50, 74, 83, 94, 107-08, 134,156, 159, 160 ill.,465, 468
- Viking program, 196
- Atlas-Vega (launch vehicle), 26-28
- Atomic Energy Commission, U.S.,
102
- Attitude comrol system, 156-57. 246, 248, 300
- Aurora Sinus (Mars), 177, 291
- Automated biology laboratory (see also
Viking, biology instrument), 66
- Automation (see also Computer: Viking,
lander), 244-49
- AVCO Corp.. 88-98, 124-26
-
- "Badger, Mr.," 419
- Ball Brothers Research Corp.. 68, 230
- Baum, William A., 278n, 279, 288n, 304, 310 ill, 332
- Bendix Aerospace Systems Div..
221, 228, 229, 252, 470
- Berkner, Lloyd V., 12-13, 15, 80n
- Biemann, Klaus, 223n. 228, 229, 263. 264. 278, 308, 319, 353, 377, 407-09
- Billings, Bruce H., 63n
- Binder, Alan B., 224, 278n, 286, 288n. 293, 299, 304
- Biochemistry (see also Gas
chromatograph-mass spectrometer, Gulliver, Minivator, Mutivator,
Wolf Trap), 51-54
- Biolo,gical comamination. 55-56, 87, 104, 123, 244
- Bioscience Advisory Comminec (NASA).
56, 57
- Blanchard, Robert C., 317-18
- Blasius, Karl R., 369, 372
- Blum, Harold F., 58
- Boeing Co., 90, 101, 124, 148, 204, 216-17
- Booster. See Launch vehicle.
- Bowen, Frederick W., Jr., 173n
- Bowman, Gary, 266
- Boyce, Peter, 289
- Boyer, William J., 152, 173n
- Briggs, Geoffrey. A., 278n. 287-88, 322n
- Bronk Detlev, 13
- Broome, C;. Calvin, 204, 222, 223n, 229. 232, 239, 240, 264-65, 420-21
- Brown, Clarence T.. Jr, 122n
- Brown, Harrison 17n, 29
- Brummer, Edmund A., 153, 173
- Budget, Bureau of, 100, 107, 135, 141-42, 168,188-89
- Budget and program costs, NASA (see also
Gas chromatograph-massspectrometer), 10, 102, 134-35, 117-19, 141, 188
- Apollo, 80, 113, 119, 250-51
- cutbacks, 34, 83, 85, 97, 99, 100, 118, 141-43, 185-89
- launch vehicle, 27, 28, 106-07, 119
- Mariner, 80, 93, 94, 108, 131, 136, 141, 158, 159-60, 188
- Viking. 169, 172, 186-92, 212-15. 219-20, 225, 251, 254, 267-70, 279, 283-81, 297, 307-08, 341 ill,, 358 ill.. 422, 452
- Voyager, xv, 83, 85, 86, 89, 93, 96, 100-02, 105, 107, 113-19, 124, 128, 136,141
- Burcham, Donald P., 85, 108
-
- California Institure of Technology,
17, 18
- Calvin Melvin, 52, 63, 91
- Camera (see also Television:
Vidicon)
- Mariner 1971, 163, 181-82, 280-81, 283, 290, 297
- Viking, 207, 220-21, 251, 253, 279-83, 291, 293, 297, 380-81, 383-84
- Cameron, Roy E, 235
- Canal (Mars), 2-3. 179
- Cape Canaveral, 26, 75
- Capen, Charles F., Jr., 103n, 289n
- Capri (Mars), 345
- Capsule bus (Voyager). 127-28
- Carbon dioxide (Mars), 372-73, 376, 378, 391
- Carey,F. X., 257 ill.
- Carley, William J., 194n
- Carr. Michael H,. 282 ill,
- Viking imaging system. 280-81, 293-94, 371
- Viking I data, 331-32, 335, 338, 364-65
- Viking site certification, 284. 306, 311 ill, 323 ill., 346, 348, 353, 359-60, 422
- Carter, Arlen f ., 311 ill.
- Cartography (Mars), 129, 287n 288. 290. 292-93. 298, 299, 318, 352, 358
- Case, Richard K, 182
- Cavanagh, Jerome P., 117
- Centaur (launch vehicle upper stage). See
Atlas Centaur, Saturn IB, Saturn V, Titan IIIC Centaur, Titan
IllE-Centaur.
- Centaur Project Technical Team,
33, 38
- Cherniack, A. Earl, 194n
- "Chicken soup" experiment (gas-exchange
life-detection experiment), 231, 400-03
- Chryse (Mars), 305, 314, 330, 332-33 ill, 334, 337, 354, 357, 359, 371, 404, 411
- Chryse Planitia (Mars), 314, 334, 340 ill., 341, 12, 344, 347, 371, 390
- Civilian-Military Liaison Committee.
28
- Clark, Bemon C., 418
- Clark, John F., 19
- Cole, Charles W, 140, 170, 172
- Committee on Space Research (COSPAR),
56
- Commoner, Barry, 80-81
- Computer, Viking, 156, 244-45, 248, 253-56, 257 ill., 288, 337, 382 ill., 395-96, 398
- Congress, U.S., (see also House of
Representatives; Senate), 22, 42, 83-84, 100, 113, 128, 134-35, 141, 143, 146, 151, 186-88, 270
- Consolidated Vultee Aircralt Corp,
(Convair), 15n
- Contamination, biological. See Biological
contamination.
- Contract, 18, 27, 29, 68, 69, 88-91, 95-98,123-25, 172, 216-20, 228-29, 255, 470-72
- Coprates (Mars), 290
- Cortright, Edgar M., 38, 43, 45, 131, 139n, 141
- Titan Mars, 148-51, 204-05
- Viking, 84 ill, 132,183, 186, 212, 237-39, 252. 256, 321
- Voyager, 102. 103, 109, 127
- Cowie, Dean, 63n
- Crabill, Norman L., 153, 305n, 310 ill, 317, 322n, 323, 327, 345, 347, 349-53
- Crater (see also individual crater
names)
- Lunar, 77, 176-78, 314, 353
- Martian, 76-77, 78 ill., 176-77, 178 ill., 281. 290-91 300 ill. 331, 332-33 ill. 337-39, 340 ill., 347 ill., 349 ill, 350, 352, 355 ill., 365, 366 ill., 367 ill., 368, 369 ill.
- Crocker, Joseph A., 30
- Cromie, Robert, 3
- Cunningham, N. William, 43, 158
- Cutts, James A., 305n, 331, 332, 339, 372
- Cydonia (Mars), 314, 315, 347 ill, 348, 371
-
- Darwin, Charles R., 51, 54
- Davies, Richard, 63n
- Deep Space Network, 113, 157, 193, 271-72, 274. 320 ill., 355-56, 395, 396, 415, 422
- Defense, Dept. of, 14, 15n, 28, 38, 43, 102, 189
- Deimos (Martian moon), 28 ill., 290, 416
- De Lauer, Richard D., 239
- Dembling, Paul G., 217
- Derbyshire, George A., 63n
- Discoverer 13, 37
- Dollfus, Audouin, 7n
- Donlan, Charles J., 124-25, 139
- Donovan, Allen F., 145n
- Doty, Paul M., 63n
- Douglas Aircratt Co., 15n
- Downing, Thomas N., 187
- Draley, Eugene C., 128. 139
- Dryden, Hugh L., 15, 17, 106, 111
- DuBridge, Lee A., 55n, 80n, 186n
- Duckett, Roy J., 240
-
- Earth, 3 ill, 7n, 32, 51-53, 60, 79, 175-76, 363, 371, 377-78, 391, 414, 418
- Earth science, 12-13
- EASTEX (Panel on Extraterrestrial Life,
East Coast), 63
- Eberhart, Jonathan, 412, 419
- Eckman, Philip K., 86, 194n
- Edwards, Andrew, Jr, 86, 89n
- Edwards, Howard B., 223n, 232
- Edwards Test Station, Calif., 196
- Ehricke, Krafft A., 9n, 15, 31-32
- Eisenhower, Dwight D., 15, 18, 19, 27
- Elysium Planitia, 416
- Eos (Mars), 289, 291
- Eshleman, Von R, 145n, 321, 340, 357
- Evolution theories. See Life, origin of.
- Exobiology. (See also Biological
contamination, Extraterrestrial life, Viking biology instrument),
55-82, 95, 99, 147-48, 161, 207-09, 231-32, 234-36, 301-02, 374, 408
- Explorer satellite, 14
- Explorer 1, 17, 18
- Extraterrestrial life ( see aIso
Biochemistry, Biological contamination, Exobiology). 1-4, 16, 51-82, 107, 180, 235-36, 281, 283, 293, 307, 390, 404-14
-
- Farrell, Win, 332
- Farmer, C. Barney, 278n, 284, 288n, 304, 305, 308, 310 ill, 345, 374
- Fellows, Robert F., 103n
- Fenn, Wallace O., 56n
- Findlay, John W, 145n, 146
- Flammarion, Nicolas Camille, 2
- Fletcher, James C., 252, 255, 268, 304-05, 308, 311-13, 329, 336, 340, 38O
- Fontana, Francesco, 4 ill
- Forsythe, Dixon L., 43
- Frank, Ron, 264
- Freeman, Herbert, 63n
- Froehlich, John E, 18-19
-
- Gagarin, Yuri, 42
- Galilei, Galileo, 2
- Galleher,V. Roben, 194n
- Gamber,Terry 310 ill
- Gas chromatogaph-mass spectrometer (GCMS),
51, 71 ill, 72-73, 221, 224 ill, 245, 307, 319, 394
- costs, 212, 215, 227, 230 ill, 241, 251, 269-70, 283
- Mars data, 377, 407-O8, 409
- technical problems, 222, 225-29, 252, 253, 261, 264, 398, 399-400
- testing 223, 224 ill 237, 261, 263-64
- Gas-exchange life-detection experiment.
See "Chicken Soup" experiment.
- Gates, Clarence R., 14, 36-38
- Gaugler, Edward A, 89n
- GCMS See Gas chromatograph-mass
spectrometer.
- GCSC (guidance, comrol, and sequencing
computer), See Computer.
- Geer, E, Barton, 257 ill
- General Dynamics Corp., 27, 32, 90, 159, 271n
- General Electric Co., 27, 88-96, 101, 105, 124, 138, 148, 196, 204, 216-217
- Geodesy. See Earth science.
- Geological Survey, U.S., 298, 309, 359
- Girouard, Robert L., 153
- Glahn, Earl W, 160
- Glennan, T. Keith, 14, 15, 19, 22, 28, 34, 56, 69
- Gliozzi, James, 299
- Goddard, David R., 56n
- Goddard Space Flight Center, 28, 29, 45-47, 56, 100, 122, 213
- Goett, Harry J., 24, 49
- Goff, Loyal G., 230
- Gold, Thomas, 29, 63n, 146
- Goldfine Milton T. 194n
- Goldstein, Richard, 304
- Goldstone deep-space tracking radio
antenna, 45-46, 157, 161, 274, 299, 320 ill., 321, 335
- Goodlette, John D, 243, 329
- Goodman, Clark. 103n, 145n
- Goudy, Joseph R., 192,196
- Grahame, Kenneth, 419
- Gray, Roben H, 173n
- Greeley, Ronald, 332, 348, 371
- Green, Nathaniel E, 5 ill
- Greg, Percy, 3
- Ground stations (see also individual names
of ground stations), 157
- Guastaferro, Angelo, 153
- Guest, John E, 345, 348
- Gulliver (life detection device),
69, 70 ill, 71, 72-73, 104, 231, 400, 402-03, 405
-
- Haldane, J. B. S., 52, 55
- Hall, John S., 103n, 145n, 147n
- Hamilton Standard Div (United Aircraft
Corp ), 252
- Handler, Philip, 191
- Hargraves, Roben B, 308, 311 ill, 323 ill., 341, 353, 417
- Hartline, H. Keffer, 63n
- Haurlan, Peter N, 86, 89n
- Haystack radio astronomy antenna,
320, 321, 335, 344
- Hearth, Donald P, 139, 142, 148, 149
- Mariner program, 99, 136
- Viking program, 151, 187, 213-15, 270
- Voyager program, 85, 86, 88-89, 94, 96, 97, 99-101, 103, 107,109,127n, 130
- Heaton, Donald H., 43
- Heatshield technology, 122-23, 124, 126
- Hellas (Mars), 177, 287, 289. 301, 315
- Hellas Planitia (Mars), 345
- Hellespontus (Mars), 177
- Hench, Stanley B, 194n
- Hess, Harry H., 59, 80n, 143, 145n
- Hess, Seymour L., 278, 307, 390-92
- Hibbs, Albert R., xii-xiii, 19
- Hinners, Noel, 267, 268, 269, 270. 303, 310 ill.
- Hipparchus, 2
- Hitz, Frank, 264
- Hoffman, David. 77
- Hoffman, S. K., 9n
- Honeywell Inc.. Aerospace Div.,
252, 254-56, 257 ill., 269, 470
- Horner, Richard E, 24, 28-29
- Hornig, Donald F., 15, 78 ill., 101
- Horowitz, Norman H., 53, 180, 235-36, 401, 403-07 409-10, 412
- House of Representatives, U.S.,
118
- Commitee on Appropriations, 185
- Commitee on Science and Astronamics,
24, 45, 142, 187
- Select Commitee on Astronautics and Space
Exploration, 8
- Subcommittee on NASA Oversight,
100
- Hubhard, Jerry S., 235
- Hueter, Hans, 38
- Hughes Aircraft Co., 148, 204, 216-17
- Hunter, M. W, 9n
- Hutton, Robert E., 288n
- Huyghens, Christiaan, 2, 4 ill.
- Hyatt, A., 9n
- Hydrogen, 376
-
- Infrared thermal mapping (IRTM),
324, 352, 353, 360, 371-73, 394
- Instrument Research Laboratory (Stanford
Univ.), 67, 68
- International Council of Scientific
Unions, 56
- International Geophysical Year (IGY,
1957-1958), 12, 13, 17
- International Polar Years, 12
- International Scientific Radio Union
13
- International Telephone & Telegraph,
90
- Imernational lUnion of C.eodesy and
Geophysics, 13
- Itek Corp., 221, 252, 470
-
- Jakobowski,Waher, 140, 173n, 185, 231, 232, 310 ill.
- Jastrow, Robert 14, 17, 29
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (set also Deep
Space Network), xi, 17-24, 55n, 56-57, 67, 122, 128, 131-34
- GCMS, 222-23, 228-29
- launch vehicles, 14, 27, 47-49
- lunar exploration, 17, 20-24, 26, 28-31, 126
- Mariner program, 25, 35-40, 42, 45-47, 49, 75, 131-35, 157-62, 167 ill., 288
- Titan Mars program, 138-40, 148,167-68, 205
- Viking program, xv, 182, 193-94, 213, 214, 219, 269-70, 422, 451-52, 470
- Viking spacecraft, 155-57 169-72 195-201, 203, 221, 261, 274, 286, 302, 323, 332, 344, 395
- Voyager program, xv, 85-88, 92-94, 96, 97, 100-01, 103, 108-09, 116, 127
- Johannesburg ground station, 157
- Johnson, Francis S., 103n, 145n
- Johnson, Lyndon B., 78 ill., 101, 118, 135, 141, 146, 151, 159
- Johnson, Roy W., 16
- Johnson, U. Alexis 186n
- Jonash Edmund R. 173n
- Juno II (launch vehicle), 26
- Jupiter (IRBM), 18
- Juventae Fons (Mars), 179
-
- Kamen, Manin, 63n
- Kaplan, Lewis D.. 93
- Karth Joseph 100, 109, 113, 117, 187
- Kasei Valley (Mars), 361 ill.
- Kautz, Gordon P., 182
- Kennedy, John F., 1, 42, 83
- Kennedy Space Center (KSC), 159, 160 illus., 271, 272-73, 274, 325
- Kepler, Johannes, 2
- Kety, Seymour S., 56-57
- Kieffer, Hugh H. 278n, 288, 352, 353, 372-73
- Kilgore, Edwin C., 122 127n, 128, 268
- Killian, James R., 17-18
- Kindt, Donald H, 172
- Kingsland, Louis, Jr., 322n
- Klein, Harold P., 225-26, 227, 232, 233, 266, 307, 310 ill., 348, 353, 400-02, 412
- Kochendorfer, Fred D., 43, 89n
- Kolden, John R., 194n
- Kramer John L. 140
- Kramer Robert S., 149
- Kullas, Albert J., 169, 173, 252
- Kusch, Polycarp, 80n
-
- Lam, B. C.,89n
- Lander, Viking. See Viking lander.
- Lander accelerometer (Mars lower
atmosphere study), 373-75, 378
- Landing site certification ( Mars: see
also Viking I and Viking 2, site selection), 305, 317-18, 331-37, 346, 353, 356
- criteria, 281, 285-87, 299, 301-302, 318, 352, 356-61
- Mariner data, 277, 284-88, 297, 299-301, 304-05, 313-14, 337, 348, 350, 358
- polar sites, 302-05, 306-09, 311-13
- radar data, 319-24, 340-45
- Viking orbiter data, 181-82, 277-78, 293, 297, 300, 306, 315, 322, 324, 330-31, 340, 342-45, 348, 356-61
- Landing vehicle ( Mars: see also Viking
entries), 121-24, 126-27
- Langley Research Center (LaRC),
128, 131-33
- and Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
xv, 100, 122-26, 136, 139-40, 155, 172, 194, 205, 229
- landing vehicle study, 121-24, 126-27
- Titan Mars 73 project, 135,136,138-41,147-51, 167-68
- Viking program, 151-53, 169, 206, 213, 216-18. 243 252 256 266
- Voyager program, xv, 103-109, 107, 109-10, 125-27
- Laser, 357, 361
- Lasswitz, Kurd, 4
- Iaunch vehicle (see also names of
individual launch vehicles and appendixes C and E), 7-10, 19, 25, 27, 31, 35 ill.,83, 119, 123, 129, 160 ill., 326 ill.
- Launch window, 18, 30, 32, 34, 49, 74, 94-95, 101, 105
- Lava (Mars). See Volcano
- Lederberg, Joshua, 54, 145n
- biological contamination, 55-56, 104
- exobiology, 58, 59, 65, 66-69, 80-81, 91
- Viking program 215, 232, 233-34, 278n, 288n, 302-05, 313, 348, 359, 409
- Lee, B. Gentry, 323 ill., 325, 327, 330-32, 334, 338, 341, 350-51, 353,