[299] The results of physiologic measurements and medical studies of Astronaut Cooper made prior to, during, and following his flight as pilot of the spacecraft of the MA-9 mission are presented in this paper. The pilot was in excellent health and in a complete state of mental and physical fitness for his mission on launch morning. The data revealed that all physiologic parameters measured in flight remained within the envelope of normal variability developed for this pilot through extensive monitoring of these same parameters under dynamic circumstances during his participation in training activities as a Mercury astronaut.
Astronaut Cooper withstood the stresses of flight situation with no evidence of degradation of his functional integrity as a pilot. He slept as part of the planned mission activities during his flight and reported that sleep was subjectively normal. Postflight examination of Astronaut Cooper revealed that he had developed dehydration. He exhibited an orthostatic hypotension accompanied by an accelerated pulse response in the postflight examinations. The pulse and blood pressure responses returned to normal while the pilot was sleeping between 9 hours and 19 hours after landing. A reversal of the ratio between neutrophiles and lymphocytes was noted in the peripheral blood at an examination accomplished 4 days after the mission. This lymphocytosis persisted for 2 weeks and subsided spontaneously by June 14, 1963. With respect to all other studies, the medical status of the pilot was found essentially unchanged between the preflight and postflight examinations.
This paper presents the specific results of medical studies of Astronaut Cooper's responses during and after his MA-9 mission in the dual context of a detailed report of the final Mercury mission and an effective summary in its own right of the-medical findings from Project Mercury. The results of the MA-9 mission are an effective summary of the entire program because every observation which was made on pilots during the earlier missions was repeated and qualitatively reconfirmed in the final flight.
At the same time, the medical-data collection program for the last flight was developed on the foundation of knowledge gained from each of the preceding manned space missions. The suitability and the limitations of the Mercury spacecraft environment to meet the requirements of human physiology were better understood with each succeeding flight. Thus, the final flight was approached with a better understanding of the likelihood of a given physiologic response occurring after exposure to the known stresses of a mission profile than had been previously possible. The opportunity for making valid medical observations during the MA-9 mission was further enhanced by the duration of the mission, as well as by the length of participation of Astronaut Cooper in the Mercury program, which provided an invaluable fund of baseline data prior to his actual flight.
Data were evaluated from very thorough medical studies of the pilot, Astronaut L. Gordon Cooper, Jr., conducted immediately prior to his selection for astronaut training in 1959 and from annual examinations since that [300] date. Medical examinations were also conducted both before and after six preflight spacecraft checkout tests and a session in the Cape Canaveral procedures trainer, all of which required the pilot to wear the full-pressure space suit. Special examinations to assess the pilot's fitness for flight were conducted 11 and 3 days before launch. The latter examination conducted on May 12,1963, designated the "Comprehensive Medical Evaluation," was conducted by specialists in internal medicine, Ophthalmology, neuropsychiatry, radiology, and aviation medicine. The NASA flight surgeon who had examined the pilot for most of the preflight activities conducted the final preflight medical examination on launch morning. The preflight aeromedical procedures and examination are listed in table 18-I.
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January 5 |
Altitude-chamber spacecraft checkout. |
Physical examination before and after. Background data (biosensors). |
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March 22-23 |
Hangar flight simulation. |
Physical examination before and after. Background data (biosensors). |
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April 23 |
Flight simulation no.1 |
Physical examination. Background data (biosensors). Timed urine collection. |
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May 4 |
T-10 day physical examination. |
Physical examination, 45 minutes. |
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May 7 |
Mission simulation (procedures trainer) |
Physical examination before and after. Background data (biosensors). Timed urine collection. |
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May 8 |
Launch simulation. |
Physical examination before and after. Background data (biosensors). Timed urine collection. Begin controlled diet. Blood specimen, 50cc |
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May 10 |
Flight simulation no.3. |
Physical examination before and after. Timed urine collection. Background data (biosensors). |
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May 11 |
- |
Begin low residue diet. |
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May 12 |
T-2 day physical examination. |
Comprehensive medical examination, 2 1/2 hours Blood (30cc) and urine specimen. |
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May 14 |
Countdown (flight canceled). |
Physical examination before and after. Blood specimen, 30cc Timed urine collection. |
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May 15 |
Flight countdown. |
Physical examination Aeromedical countdown Awaken 2:51 a.m. e.s.t. Launch 8:40 a.m. e.s.t. |
In addition to examinations by physicians, baseline clinical evaluations included an audiogram, an electrocardiogram, a chest X-ray, and laboratory studies of blood and urine. The results of these evaluations are found in tables 18-II to 18-V. For the 3 months prior to the flight, the pilot continued in excellent health with no significant abnormalities. In the month prior to flight, he maintained his physical fitness by daily distance running and calisthenics.
Close supervision of the pilot's food intake began 7 days before the planned flight with special preparation of a normal balanced diet. In order to reduce the need for defecation during the mission, a low-residue diet was followed for 4 days before the launch (ref. l). This diet was well tolerated, although the pilot did mention that appetite satisfaction was short-lived following the low-residue meals.
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Temperature (oral), °F |
97.4 |
99.4 |
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Hear rate, beats/min |
76 |
86 |
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Respiration rate, breaths/min |
16 |
16 |
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Blood pressure, left arm, mm Hg |
108/76 supine 122/82 standing |
90/80 supine |
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Nude weight (bladder empty), lb |
147 |
139 1/4 |
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Comments |
Alert, cooperative, 2+ erythema at BPMS microphone tape site. |
Fatigued and sweating. See text. |
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Hematocrit, percent |
46 |
44 |
43 |
49 |
43 |
43 |
43 |
43 |
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Hemoglobin, grams/100 ml |
14.8 |
14.3 |
15.0 |
16.5 |
14.0 |
14.7 |
14.3 |
14.2 |
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Red blood cells, millions/mm3 |
5.09 |
- |
4.79 |
4.80 |
4.83 |
4.50 |
- |
- |
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Platelets/mm3 |
- |
284,000 |
314,000 |
- |
- |
230,000 |
- |
- |
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White blood cells/mm3 |
5,850 |
6,800 |
6,500 |
9,200 |
5,650 |
6,000 |
7,700 |
5,100 |
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Differential blood count: | ||||||||
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Neutrophiles, percent |
69 |
50 |
60 |
75 |
49 |
35 |
38 |
49 |
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Lymphocytes, percent |
29 |
46 |
36 |
20 |
42 |
58 |
61 |
47 |
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Monocytes, percent |
1 |
2 |
3 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
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Eosinophiles, percent |
0 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
|
Basophiles, percent |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
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Preflight |
Postflight |
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Date, 1963 |
May 12 |
May 20 |
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Source |
Random sample |
Random sample |
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Specific gravity |
1.1018 |
1.1019 |
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pH |
6.0 |
6.0 |
|
Albumen, sugar, acetone, and bile |
Negative |
Negative |
|
Microscopic |
Few WBC, no RBC, small amounts of amorphous phosphates and mucus, and one hyaline cast. |
One to 2 WBC/HPF, no RBC, no casts, moderate amount of amorphous phosphates. |
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Mar. 20, 1963 |
7:30 a.m. to 9:26 a.m. |
184 |
1.012 |
141 |
55 |
4.15 |
161 |
26.7 |
85 |
Low residue diet |
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Mar. 20, 1963 |
9:26 a.m. to 12:59 a.m. |
260 |
1.013 |
180 |
49 |
16.3 |
207 |
42.2 |
110 |
- |
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Mar. 20, 1963 |
12:59 a.m. to 4:45 p.m. |
420 |
1.014 |
129 |
40 |
10.1 |
159 |
56.6 |
86 |
- |
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Mar. 20, 1963 |
4:45 p.m. to 9:10 p.m. |
330 |
1.015 |
125 |
38 |
8.7 |
111 |
73 |
111 |
- |
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Mar. 21, 1963 |
9:10 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. |
340 |
1.012 |
137 |
17 |
7.5 |
100 |
58.3 |
102 |
- |
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Mar. 21, 1963 |
1:00 a.m. to 7:52 a.m. |
830 |
1.005 |
79 |
14 |
5.0 |
79 |
31.4 |
62 |
- |
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Mar. 21, 1963 |
7:52 a.m. to 12:46 p.m. |
470 |
1.011 |
143 |
42 |
10.3 |
174 |
26.6 |
94 |
- |
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Mar. 21, 1963 |
12:46 p.m. to 5:28 p.m. |
286 |
1.017 |
179 |
54 |
16.85 |
210 |
74.3 |
125 |
- |
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Mar. 21, 1963 |
5:28 p.m. to 11:35 p.m. |
600 |
1.015 |
189 |
41 |
7.6 |
178 |
48 |
105 |
- |
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Mar. 22, 1963 |
11:35 p.m. to 3:26 a.m. |
210 |
1.015 |
239 |
31 |
10.6 |
163 |
54 |
- |
- |
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Mar. 22, 1963 |
3:26 a.m. to 5:36 a.m. |
110 |
1.018 |
216 |
34 |
25.5 |
165 |
55 |
- |
- |
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Mar. 22, 1963 |
5:36 a.m. to 10:47 a.m. |
255 |
1.018 |
154 |
38 |
21.3 |
142 |
54 |
134 |
- |
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Mar. 22, 1963 |
10:47 a.m. to 6:35 p.m. |
300 |
1.020 |
116 |
47 |
20.85 |
86 |
135 |
152 |
Before hangar simulated flight. |
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Mar. 23, 1963 |
6:35 p.m. to 1:20 a.m. |
360 |
1.023 |
131 |
51 |
18.9 |
119 |
75.4 |
142 |
During hangar simulated flight. |
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Apr. 23, 1963 |
6:00 a.m. to 6:50 a.m. |
32 |
- |
196 |
58 |
7.75 |
158 |
146 |
144 |
Simulated flight no.1 (before) |
|
Apr. 23, 1963 |
6:50 a.m. to 12:35 p.m. |
394 |
1.020 |
226 |
85 |
3.04 |
220 |
70.8 |
106 |
Simulated flight no.1 (during) |
|
Apr. 23, 1963 |
12:35 p.m. to 5:08 p.m. |
122 |
1.022 |
195 |
51 |
5.95 |
187 |
68.6 |
98 |
Simulated flight no.1 (after) |
|
Apr. 25, 1963 |
Unknown to 11:35 a.m. |
170 |
1.020 |
192 |
83 |
6.3 |
212 |
18.7 |
107 |
Simulated flight no.2 (before) |
|
Apr. 25, 1963 |
11:35 a.m. to 4:28 p.m. |
134 |
1.024 |
242 |
40 |
5.75 |
226 |
35.4 |
104 |
Simulated flight no.2 (during) |
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Apr. 25, 1963 |
4:28 p.m. to 5:55 p.m. |
308 |
1.018 |
250 |
44 |
3.40 |
234 |
46.1 |
107 |
Simulated flight no.2 (after) |
|
May 7, 1963 |
6:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. |
64 |
1.020 |
115 |
56 |
13.9 |
198 |
103 |
152 |
Procedures trainer (before). |
|
May 7, 1963 |
8:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. |
480 |
1.014 |
124 |
60 |
5.65 |
146 |
63.6 |
88 |
Procedures trainer (during). |
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May 8, 1963 |
9:15 a.m. to 1:40 p.m. |
540 |
1.012 |
137 |
79 |
7.4 |
166 |
41.6 |
74 |
Launch simulation (during). |
|
May 8, 1963 |
1:40 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. |
360 |
1.012 |
137 |
53 |
3.2 |
125 |
43 |
104 |
Launch simulation (after). |
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May 10, 1963 |
7:30 a.m. to 11:45 a.m. |
180 |
1.023 |
148 |
85 |
17.8 |
176 |
45.7 |
130 |
Simulated flight no.3 (before) |
|
May 10, 1963 |
11:45 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. |
170 |
1.025 |
198 |
72 |
20.7 |
219 |
76 |
114 |
Simulated flight no.3 (before) |
|
May 10, 1963 |
2:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. |
320 |
1.023 |
181 |
83 |
13.4 |
201 |
97 |
115 |
Simulated flight no.3 (during) |
|
May 10, 1963 |
6:30 p.m. to 10:05 p.m. |
80 |
1.026 |
200 |
71 |
6.9 |
165 |
148 |
139 |
Simulated flight no.3 (after) |
|
May 13, 1963 |
6:30 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. |
440 |
1.025 |
177 |
54 |
19.95 |
165 |
128 |
137 |
Before canceled flight. |
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May 14, 1963 |
9:00 p.m. to 2:50 a.m. |
225 |
1.024 |
165 |
32 |
10.0 |
107 |
161 |
152 |
Before canceled flight. |
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May 14, 1963 |
2:50 a.m. to 7:30 a.m. |
680 |
1.012 |
120 |
49 |
5.6 |
128 |
12.6 |
56 |
Collection device-canceled flight. |
|
May 14, 1963 |
7:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. |
315 |
1.015 |
98 |
50 |
5.85 |
109 |
34 |
104 |
After canceled flight. |
|
May 15, 1963 |
10:00 p.m. to 2:52 a.m. |
178 |
1.028 |
112 |
34 |
23.4 |
73 |
214 |
162 |
Preflight. |
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May 15, 1963 |
2:52 a.m. to 3:55 a.m. |
25 |
1.025 |
98 |
48 |
12.4 |
89 |
185 |
165 |
Preflight. |
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May 15, 1963 |
3:55 a.m. to 7:56 a.m. |
177 |
- |
184 |
68 |
8.25 |
212 |
33.8 |
125 |
Preflight (pad) bag no.1 |
|
May 15, 1963 |
7:56 a.m. to 12:29 p.m. |
195 |
- |
213 |
69 |
14.1 |
236 |
28.4 |
131 |
Inflight bag no.2 |
|
May 15, 1963 |
12:29 p.m. to 10:09 p.m. |
314 |
- |
197 |
56 |
12.6 |
188 |
130 |
154 |
Inflight bag no.3 |
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May 16, 1963 |
10:09 p.m. to 7:15 a.m. |
333 |
- |
120 |
38 |
17.7 |
128 |
125 |
169 |
Inflight bag no.4 |
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May 16, 1963 |
7:15 a.m. to 1:14 p.m. |
107 |
1.026 |
137 |
41 |
15.6 |
150 |
136 |
170.8 |
Collection device. |
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May 16, 1963 |
1:14 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. |
70 |
1.031 |
107 |
96 |
16.4 |
126 |
240 |
177 |
1st voided sample. |
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May 17, 1963 |
9:30 p.m. to 1:05 p.m. |
475 |
1.026 |
41 |
62 |
20.95 |
29 |
149 |
148 |
2nd voided sample. |
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May 17, 1963 |
1:05 p.m. to 9:12 p.m. |
315 |
1.020 |
29 |
54 |
24.3 |
59 |
68.5 |
148 |
3rd voided sample. |
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May 18, 1963 |
9:12 p.m. to 12:00 p.m. |
605 |
1.023 |
29 |
70 |
17.4 |
41 |
114 |
139 |
4th voided sample. |
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May 20, 1963 |
8:00 a.m. to 10:15 a.m. |
- |
1.019 |
125 |
92 |
15.2 |
150 |
68 |
110 |
4 days after recovery (physical exam Patrick AFB) |
[304] The results of the final prelaunch examination revealed a healthy pilot who was ready for the mission. Two minor discrepancies were local skin erythema at the biosensor sites and moderate erythema, edema, and tenderness of the skin over the right sacral prominence. He frequently demonstrates a skin reaction around the sensors for 24 to 36 hours after application, despite the use of microporous surgical tape for fastening these sensors. It should be noted that these sensors were in place for 7 hours during the canceled launch on the preceding day. The skin findings over the sacrum are frequently present following prolonged periods of 4 or more hours on his back in the couch.
On the night before the postponed launch of May 14, 1963, the pilot slept well for about 2 hours and then dozed restlessly for another 3 1/2 hours. However, on the night before the successful launch, he slept well for 6 hours. Although he did become sleepy during periods of relative inactivity, such as the period spent in the transfer van, he felt adequately rested on launch morning. At no time was a drug administered to induce sleep.
The sources of detailed preflight physiologic data are outlined in tables 18-VI to 18-IX. These sources include dynamic tests for evaluation of general physical condition, Mercury Atlas three-orbital pass simulations, and Mercury-Atlas acceleration profiles conducted at the U.S. Naval Aviation Medical Acceleration Laboratory (AMAL) in Johnsville, Pa., and various spacecraft checkout procedures required during the final stages of preparation for flight.
The procedures which were monitored resulted in the largest number of total hours of observation yet available for any one astronaut. This extensive monitoring, was possible as a result of his activity as the MA-8 backup pilot and of his participation in three altitude-chamber spacecraft-checkout procedures, including the longest such test conducted at Cape Canaveral.
The pilot-safety monitoring and data-gathering biosensor system for this mission consisted of two sets of electrocardiographic (ECG) leads, the impedance pneumograph, an oral temperature thermistor, and the blood-pressure measuring system (BPMS). The details of operation of the biosensor system have been described in references 1 to 3. Because of the increased duration of the MA-9 flight, a change was made from continuous rectal to intermittent oral body temperature measurement. The basic thermistor was retained. The thermistor and its lead wires remained within the suit. The sensor was attached to the right ear muff inside the helmet where it was readily accessible The sensor and its location are illustrated in figures 18-1 and 18-2. It thereby provided an indication of suit-outlet temperature whenever an oral temperature was not being taken. When oral temperature was desired, the pilot placed the small thermistor under his tongue for about 5 minutes. Preflight body temperatures were all within the normal range. The remainder of the biosensor system was the same as that used for the MA-8 mission (ref. 1).
Preflight biosensor preparation included careful calibration of the system so that accurate, repeatable determinations were assured . Adjustments were required to compensate for individual variations. This requirement was especially true for the blood-pressure measuring system. The clinical blood-pressure mean
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February 1959 |
Lovelace Clinic exercise tolerance test. |
a 0:14 |
- |
- |
(b) |
- |
- |
185 |
(b) |
- |
- |
- |
|
Sept.28, 1961, and Mar. 28, 1963 |
Mercury-Atlas Centrifuge dynamic simulations. |
4:18 |
83 |
(b) |
177 |
57 to 109 |
58 |
151 |
(b) |
- |
- |
- |
|
Apr. 13, 1962 |
Altitude chamber spacecraft checkout |
10:29 |
79 |
18 |
161 |
54 to 104 |
60 |
129 |
117 |
11 to 25 |
12 |
28 |
|
July 23, 1962 |
Altitude chamber spacecraft checkout |
7:33 |
64 |
19 |
111 |
49 to 79 |
46 |
92 |
111 |
14 to 24 |
13 |
26 |
|
Jan. 5, 1963 |
Altitude chamber spacecraft checkout |
6:17 |
74 |
17 |
20,000 |
56 to 92 |
56 |
102 |
123 |
10 to 24 |
10 |
26 |
|
Mar. 23, 1963 |
Hangar flight simulation |
2:00 |
64 |
19 |
4,254 |
51 to 77 |
55 |
106 |
44 |
8 to 30 |
13 |
41 |
|
Apr. 23, 1963 |
Flight simulation no.1 |
3:40 |
71 |
19 |
75 |
56 to 86 |
51 |
92 |
75 |
14 to 24 |
13 |
28 |
|
May 7, 1963 |
Mission simulation (procedures trainer). |
5:22 |
71 |
(b) |
103 |
50 to 92 |
50 |
102 |
(b) |
- |
- |
- |
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May 8, 1963 |
Launch simulation |
4:48 |
72 |
20 |
17,232 |
54 to 90 |
52 |
107 |
94 |
13 to 27 |
11 |
28 |
|
May 10, 1963 |
Flight simulation No.3 |
3:30 |
62 |
19 |
67 |
39 to 85 |
48 |
96 |
67 |
13 to 25 |
10 |
26 |
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May 14, 1963 |
Launch countdown (canceled) |
5:41 |
71 |
20 |
19,666 |
53 to 89 |
47 |
132 |
96 |
14 to 26 |
14 |
30 |
|
May 15, 1963 |
Launch countdown |
2:31 |
73 |
16 |
9,010 |
48 to 98 |
51 |
104 |
50 |
10 to 22 |
10 |
24 |
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September 1961 to May 15, 1963. |
Centrifuge simulations and checkout procedures |
56:23 |
72 |
19 |
62 to 83 |
16 to 20 |
39 to 104 |
8 to 30 |
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May 15 and May 16, 1963. |
Orbital flight |
34:16 |
89 |
15 |
76,174 |
62 to 116 |
55 to 180 |
151 |
5 to 25 |
6 to 28 |
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May 16 and May 17, 1963. |
Physical examinations. |
(a) |
77 |
16 |
4 |
72 to 82 |
56 to 88 |
1 |
(b) |
- |
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February 1959 |
Lovelace Clinic exercise tolerance test |
00:14 |
a 174/86 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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March 1959 |
Aeronautical Systems Division dynamic tests: |
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Cold pressor |
(b) |
105/74 |
13 |
100 to 112 |
13 |
70 to 82 |
31 |
|
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Tilt |
(b) |
109/75 |
30 |
92 to 138 |
30 |
68 to 88 |
34 |
|
|
Treadmill |
(b) |
134/87 |
18 |
110 to 156 |
18 |
80 to 100 |
47 |
|
September 1959 |
Lackland USAF Hospital physical examination |
(b) |
113/70 |
4 |
110 to 116 |
4 |
68 to 72 |
42 |
|
April 1962 |
Physical examinations |
(b) |
100/80 |
5 |
88 to 108 |
5 |
72 to 88 |
20 |
|
July 1962 |
Special BPMS test |
(b) |
116/78 |
58 |
102 to 124 |
58 |
64 to 84 |
39 |
|
July 23, 1962 |
Physical examinations |
(b) |
103/79 |
16 |
98 to 106 |
16 |
73 to 82 |
25 |
|
March 12, 1963 |
Physical examinations |
(b) |
108/72 |
4 |
98 to 118 |
4 |
68 to 78 |
37 |
|
Apr. 23, 1963 to May 15, 1963 |
Physical examinations during final preflight checkout period. |
(b) |
115/78 |
8 |
105 to 120 |
8 |
72 to 82 |
37 |
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Sept. 12, 1961 |
Mercury-Atlas centrifuge dynamic simulation |
2:23 |
114/85 |
12 |
103 to 144 |
12 |
66 to 98 |
29 |
|
Apr. 13, 1962 |
Altitude-chamber spacecraft checkout |
10:29 |
134/91 |
10 |
128 to 148 |
10 |
70 to 124 |
43 |
|
July 10 and July 23, 1962 |
BPMS calibration |
3:00 |
110/79 |
73 |
96 to 128 |
69 |
63 to 88 |
31 |
|
July 23, 1962 |
Altitude-chamber spacecraft checkout |
7:33 |
94/71 |
8 |
79 to 111 |
8 |
61 to 79 |
23 |
|
Jan. 3, 1963 |
BPMS calibration |
1:00 |
108/80 |
14 |
99 to 116 |
14 |
73 to 87 |
28 |
|
Jan. 5, 1963 |
Altitude-chamber spacecraft checkout |
6:17 |
112/83 |
12 |
99 to 122 |
12 |
77 to 89 |
29 |
|
Mar. 22 and Mar. 23, 1963 |
Hangar flight simulation |
2:05 |
94/71 |
5 |
89 to 107 |
5 |
65 to 81 |
23 |
|
Apr. 23, 1963 |
Flight simulation No.1 |
3:40 |
114/91 |
6 |
104 to 123 |
6 |
81 to 99 |
23 |
|
May 8, 1963 |
Launch simulation |
4:48 |
106/82 |
12 |
101 to 123 |
12 |
71 to 91 |
24 |
|
May 10, 1963 |
Flight simulation No.3 |
3:30 |
110/90 |
2 |
107 to 112 |
2 |
89 to 91 |
20 |
|
May 14, 1963 |
Launch countdown (canceled) |
5:41 |
120/82 |
8 |
117 to 127 |
8 |
77 to 89 |
38 |
|
May 15, 1963 |
Launch countdown |
2:31 |
110/82 |
4 |
107 to 119 |
4 |
73 to 89 |
28 |
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February 1959 to May 15, 1963 |
Crew selection examination, special tests and preflight examinations. |
(a) |
113/79 |
95 |
99 to 127 |
88 to 124 |
95 |
69 to 89 |
64 to 88 |
34 |
|
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September 1961 to May 15, 1963 |
Centrifuge simulations and preflight test procedures |
56:09 |
112/79 |
160 |
86 to 138 |
79 to 148 |
160 |
58 to 90 |
61 to 124 |
33 |
|
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May 15 and May 16, 1963 |
Orbital flight |
34:16 |
119/81 |
12 |
(b) |
109 to 131 |
12 |
(b) |
73 to 89 |
38 |
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May 16 and May 17, 1963 |
Postflight physical examinations. |
(a) |
91/66 |
16 |
75 to 107 |
86 to 100 |
16 |
55 to 77 |
52 to 82 |
25 |