app-a

Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft

Appendix A

Physical and Performance Data

[480-481] Table I - Characteristics of Illustrative Aircraft, 1914-18

Physical characteristics

Aircraft; engine; and references	Po	W_g	W_e	b		S	W_g/S	W_g/Po
Fokker E-III; Oberursel U.I; 29, 82, 119.	100	1 342	878	31.3	23.5	172	7.8	13.4
DeHavilland DH-2; Gnome Monosoupape; 32, 82.	100	1 441	943	28.3	25.2	249	5.8	14.4
Nieuport 17; Le Rhone 9J; 82, 118.	110	1 233	825	26.9	19.0	159	7.8	11.2
Albatross D-III; Mercedes DII; 82, 119.	160	1 949	1 454	29.8	24.0	231	8.5	12.2
Fokker triplane, Dr.-1; Oberursel Ur II; 69, 82, 119.	110	1 290	894	23.7	18.9	207	6.2	11.7
Sopwith F.1 Camel; Clerget 9B; 32, 82, 30.	130	1 482	962	28.0	18.8	231	6.4	11.4
SPAD XIII C.1; Hispano-Suiza 8Ba; 22, 82, 118.	220	1 807	1 245	26.3	20.3	227	8.0	8.2
Fokker D-VII; BMW IIIA; 82, 119.	185	2 112	1 474	29.3	22.8	221	9.6	11.4
Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin; Hispano-Suiza; 31, 34, 82.	200	1911	1 406	32.5	22.3	263	7.3	9.6
Fokker D-VIII; Oberursel Ur II; 82, 119.	110	1238	848	27.5	19.3	115	10.8	11.3
Junkers D-I; BMW IIIA; 82, 112, 119.	185	1 920	1 439	29.5	23.8	159	12.1	10.4
Handley Page 0/400; Liberty 12.N; 94, 112, 119.	^b350	14 425	8 721	100.0	63.0	1655	8.7	20.5
Gotha G.V; Mercedes DIVa; 65, 94, 112, 119.	^c260	8 558	5 654	77.8	40.0	963	8.9	16.5
Caproni CA.42; Liberty; 1, 69, 94.	^c400	17 700	11 100	96.4	42.9	2223	8.0	14.8
B.E. 2c; R.A.F.la; 32, 94, 112.	90	2 142	-	37.0	27.3	371	5.8	23.8
Junkers J-I; Benz Bz.IV; 112, 119.	200	4 787	3 885	52.5	29.8	522	9.2	23.9
DeHavilland DH-4; Liberty; 28, 112, 118.	400	4 595	-	42.5	30.6	440	10.4	11.5

all speeds are for sea level unless otherwise noted.
For each of two engines.
For each of three engines.
At 6500 feet.
At 3280 feet.
At 13120 feet.
At 10000 feet.
Estimated

Performance characteristics

Aircraft; engine; and references	V_max^a	Vs	C_{D , o}	f	A	(L/D)_max
Fokker E-III; Oberursel U.I; 29, 82, 119.	87	^h55	0.0771	12.61	5.70	6.4
DeHavilland DH-2; Gnome Monosoupape; 32, 82.	93	^h45	0.0430	10.71	3.88	7.0
Nieuport 17; Le Rhone 9J; 82, 118.	^d107	^h53	0.0491	7.81	5.51	7.9
Albatross D-III; Mercedes DII; 82, 119.	^e109	^h55	0.0465	10.74	4.65	7.5
Fokker triplane, Dr.-1; Oberursel Ur II; 69, 82, 119.	^f103	^h45	0.0323	6.69	4.04	8.0
Sopwith F.1 Camel; Clerget 9B; 32, 82, 30.	^g105	48	0.0378	8.73	4.11	7.7
SPAD XIII C.1; Hispano-Suiza 8Ba; 22, 82, 118.	^d134	56	0.0367	8.33	3.69	7.4
Fokker D-VII; BMW IIIA; 82, 119.	124	54	0.0404	8.93	4.70	8.1
Sopwith 5F.1 Dolphin; Hispano-Suiza; 31, 34, 82.	^g128	^h51	0.0317	8.35	4.85	9.2
Fokker D-VIII; Oberursel Ur II; 82, 119.	^d114	^h57	0.0552	6.34	6.58	8.1
Junkers D-I; BMW IIIA; 82, 112, 119.	119	^h56	0.0612	9.75	5.46	7.0
Handley Page 0/400; Liberty 12.N; 94, 112, 119.	94	^h52	0.0427	70.67	7.31	9.7
Gotha G.V; Mercedes DIVa; 65, 94, 112, 119.	87	^h56	0.0711	68.45	7.61	7.7
Caproni CA.42; Liberty; 1, 69, 94.	^d98	^h53	0.0444	98.7	5.43	8.2
B.E. 2c; R.A.F.la; 32, 94, 112.	^d72	^h45	0.0368	13.66	4.47	8.2
Junkers J-I; Benz Bz.IV; 112, 119.	96	^h51	0.0335	17.5	6.4	10.3
DeHavilland DH-4; Liberty; 28, 112, 118.	124	^h61	0.0422	21.82	4.97	8.1

all speeds are for sea level unless otherwise noted.
For each of two engines.
For each of three engines.
At 6500 feet.
At 3280 feet.
At 13120 feet.
At 10000 feet.
Estimated

[482-483] Table II - Characteristics of Illustrative Aircraft, 1918-39

Physical characteristics

Aircraft;
engine;
and references
Po W_g W_e b S W_g/S W_g/Po

Curtiss JN-4H;

Wright-Hispano;

109.

150

2 017

1 467

43.6

27.3

352.6

5.72

13.45

Handley Page W8F;

Rolls-Royce Eagle IX, 360 hp (nose), Siddeley Puma, 240 hp (each side);

75.

840

13 000

8 600

75.2

60.1

1456

8.9

15.5

Fokker F-2;

BMW;

2, 71.

185

4 180

2 640

56.6

33.8

452

9.3

22.6

Curtiss R2C-1;

Curtiss D-12 (modified);

51, 114.

500

2 071

-

22.0

19.7

140

14.8

4.2

Dayton Wright RB;

Hall Scott L-62;

51, 114, 117.

250

1 850

1 400

21.2

22.7

102

18.1

7.4

Supermarine S-4;

Napier Lion;

51, 114, 117.

450

3 150

-

30.5

27.0

136

23.1

7.0

Ryan NYP;

Wright J-5C Whirlwind;

86.

220

5 135

2 150

46.0

27.7

319

16.4

23.3

Ford 5-AT;

Pratt Whitney R-1340 Wasp;

19, 84.

^b420

13 500

-

77.8

50.3

835

16.2

10.7

Lockheed Vega 5C;

Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp;

5, 21.

450

4 033

2 465

41.0

27.5

275

14.7

9.0

Curtiss Robin;

Curtiss Challenger;

19, 78.

185

2 600

1 648

41.0

25.1

223

11.7

14.1

Travelair 4000;

Wright J-5 Whirlwind;

3.

220

2 450

-

34.7

24.2

297

8.3

11.1

Curtiss Hawk P-6E;

Curtiss V-1570;

6, 118.

650

3 392

2 699

31.5

23.2

252

13.5

5.2

Boeing P-26A;

Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp;

6, 118.

600

(h=6000)

3 012

2 271

27.9

23.6

149

20.2

5.0

Lockheed Orion 9D;

Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp;

5, 21.

550

5 400

3 325

47.8

27.8

262

20.6

9.8

Northrop Alpha;

Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp;

19.

420

4 856

-

43.8

28.3

312

15.6

11.6

Boeing 247D;

Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp;

5, 6.

^c525

13 650

8 940

74.0

51.3

836

16.3

13.0

Douglas DC-3;

Pratt & Whitney R-1380;

12.

^c1200

25 000

17 720

95.0

64.5

987

25.3

10.4

Boeing B-17G;

Wright R-1820 Cyclone;

12, 118.

^d1200

55 000

36 135

103.8

74.3

1420

38.7

11.5

Seversky P-35;

Pratt & Whitney R-1830;

8, 118.

850

(h=8000)

5 599

4 315

35.0

26.8

220

25.5

6.6

Piper J-3 Cub;

Continental A-65;

12, 20.

65

1220

730

32.2

22.4

178

6.9

18.8

Stinson SR-8B;

Lycoming R-680;

7.

245

3 650

2 310

41.8

27.5

256

14.3

14.9

Beechcraft D17S;

Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Jr.;

10, 24.

450

4 200

2 460

32.0

26.0

296

14.2

9.3

all speeds are for sea level unless otherwise noted.

Aerodynamic parameters based on data in B-29 Cruise Control Manual.

Uncertainties about power variation with altitude prevented estimation of aerodynamic parameters.

For each of four engines.

For each of two engines.

Altitude unknown.

Aircraft; engine; and references	Po	W_g	W_e	b		S	W_g/S	W_g/Po
Curtiss JN-4H; Wright-Hispano; 109.	150	2 017	1 467	43.6	27.3	352.6	5.72	13.45
Handley Page W8F; Rolls-Royce Eagle IX, 360 hp (nose), Siddeley Puma, 240 hp (each side); 75.	840	13 000	8 600	75.2	60.1	1456	8.9	15.5
Fokker F-2; BMW; 2, 71.	185	4 180	2 640	56.6	33.8	452	9.3	22.6
Curtiss R2C-1; Curtiss D-12 (modified); 51, 114.	500	2 071	-	22.0	19.7	140	14.8	4.2
Dayton Wright RB; Hall Scott L-62; 51, 114, 117.	250	1 850	1 400	21.2	22.7	102	18.1	7.4
Supermarine S-4; Napier Lion; 51, 114, 117.	450	3 150	-	30.5	27.0	136	23.1	7.0
Ryan NYP; Wright J-5C Whirlwind; 86.	220	5 135	2 150	46.0	27.7	319	16.4	23.3
Ford 5-AT; Pratt Whitney R-1340 Wasp; 19, 84.	^b420	13 500	-	77.8	50.3	835	16.2	10.7
Lockheed Vega 5C; Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp; 5, 21.	450	4 033	2 465	41.0	27.5	275	14.7	9.0
Curtiss Robin; Curtiss Challenger; 19, 78.	185	2 600	1 648	41.0	25.1	223	11.7	14.1
Travelair 4000; Wright J-5 Whirlwind; 3.	220	2 450	-	34.7	24.2	297	8.3	11.1
Curtiss Hawk P-6E; Curtiss V-1570; 6, 118.	650	3 392	2 699	31.5	23.2	252	13.5	5.2
Boeing P-26A; Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp; 6, 118.	600 (h=6000)	3 012	2 271	27.9	23.6	149	20.2	5.0
Lockheed Orion 9D; Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp; 5, 21.	550	5 400	3 325	47.8	27.8	262	20.6	9.8
Northrop Alpha; Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp; 19.	420	4 856	-	43.8	28.3	312	15.6	11.6
Boeing 247D; Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp; 5, 6.	^c525	13 650	8 940	74.0	51.3	836	16.3	13.0
Douglas DC-3; Pratt & Whitney R-1380; 12.	^c1200	25 000	17 720	95.0	64.5	987	25.3	10.4
Boeing B-17G; Wright R-1820 Cyclone; 12, 118.	^d1200	55 000	36 135	103.8	74.3	1420	38.7	11.5
Seversky P-35; Pratt & Whitney R-1830; 8, 118.	850 (h=8000)	5 599	4 315	35.0	26.8	220	25.5	6.6
Piper J-3 Cub; Continental A-65; 12, 20.	65	1220	730	32.2	22.4	178	6.9	18.8
Stinson SR-8B; Lycoming R-680; 7.	245	3 650	2 310	41.8	27.5	256	14.3	14.9
Beechcraft D17S; Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Jr.; 10, 24.	450	4 200	2 460	32.0	26.0	296	14.2	9.3

Performance characteristics

Aircraft; engine; and references	V_max^a	V_c^a	Vs	C_{D , o}	f	A	(L/D)_max
Curtiss JN-4H; Wright-Hispano; 109.	93	-	^f47	0.0500	17.64	7.76	9.24
Handley Page W8F; Rolls-Royce Eagle IX, 360 hp (nose), Siddeley Puma, 240 hp (each side); 75.	103	85	-	0.0549	79.93	4.67	7.1
Fokker F-2; BMW; 2, 71.	93	-	-	0.0466	21.10	7.1	9.4
Curtiss R2C-1; Curtiss D-12 (modified); 51, 114.	267	-	74	0.0206	2.88	4.18	10.9
Dayton Wright RB; Hall Scott L-62; 51, 114, 117.	200	-	64	0.0316	3.22	4.38	9.0
Supermarine S-4; Napier Lion; 51, 114, 117.	239	-	90	0.0274	3.73	6.84	12.1
Ryan NYP; Wright J-5C Whirlwind; 86.	120	95	71	0.0379	12.10	6.63	10.1
Ford 5-AT; Pratt Whitney R-1340 Wasp; 19, 84.	150	-	64	0.0471	39.33	7.26	9.5
Lockheed Vega 5C; Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp; 5, 21.	190	150	58	0.0278	7.65	6.11	11.4
Curtiss Robin; Curtiss Challenger; 19, 78.	115	102	47	0.0585	13.10	7.54	8.7
Travelair 4000; Wright J-5 Whirlwind; 3.	135	110	46	-	-	4.80	-
Curtiss Hawk P-6E; Curtiss V-1570; 6, 118.	198	175	61	0.0371	9.35	4.76	8.7
Boeing P-26A; Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp; 6, 118.	234 (h=7500)	211	74	0.0448	6.68	5.24	8.3
Lockheed Orion 9D; Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp; 5, 21.	226	200	63	0.0210	5.502	7.01	14.1
Northrop Alpha; Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp; 19.	177	150	62	0.0274	8.55	5.93	11.3
Boeing 247D; Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp; 5, 6.	202 (h=7500)	185 (h=7500)	61	0.0212	17.72	6.55	13.5
Douglas DC-3; Pratt & Whitney R-1380; 12.	229 (h=7500)	185 (h=10000)	67	0.0249	25.58	9.14	14.7
Boeing B-17G; Wright R-1820 Cyclone; 12, 118.	287 (h=25000)	^e182	90	0.0302	42.83	7.58	12.7
Seversky P-35; Pratt & Whitney R-1830; 8, 118.	282 (h=10000)	^e260	79	0.0251	5.52	5.89	11.8
Piper J-3 Cub; Continental A-65; 12, 20.	100	87	-	0.0373	6.64	5.81	9.6
Stinson SR-8B; Lycoming R-680; 7.	-	140 (h=8000)	-	0.0348	8.91	6.84	10.8
Beechcraft D17S; Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Jr.; 10, 24.	-	202 (h=9700)	50	0.0182	5.39	4.18	11.7

all speeds are for sea level unless otherwise noted.
Aerodynamic parameters based on data in B-29 Cruise Control Manual.
Uncertainties about power variation with altitude prevented estimation of aerodynamic parameters.
For each of four engines.
For each of two engines.
Altitude unknown.

Appendix A continues