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Appendix C
U.S. and Russian Human Spaceflights, 1961-Sep. 30, 1995
(continued)
| Spacecraft |
Launch Date |
Crew |
Flight Time
(days:hrs:min) |
Highlights |
Space Shuttle
Atlantis (STS-27) |
Dec. 2, 1988 |
Robert "Hoot" Gibson
Guy S. Gardner
Richard M. Mullane
Jerry L. Ross
William M. Shepherd |
4:9:6 |
Twenty-seventh STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. |
Space Shuttle
Discovery (STS-29) |
Mar. 13, 1989 |
Michael L. Coats
John E. Blaha
James P. Bagian
James F. Buchli
Robert C. Springer |
4:23:39 |
Twenty-eighth STS flight. Launched TDRS-4. |
Space Shuttle
Atlantis (STS-30) |
May 4, 1989 |
David M. Walker
Ronald J. Grabe
Nomman E. Thagard
Mary L. Cleave
Mark C. Lee |
4:0:57 |
Twenty-ninth STS flight. Venus orbiter Magellan launched. |
Space Shuttle
Columbia (STS-28) |
Aug. 8, 1989 |
Brewster H. Shaw
Richard N. Richards
James C. Adamson
David C. Leestma
Mark N. Brown |
5:1 |
Thirtieth STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. |
| Soyuz TM-8 |
Sep. 5, 1989 |
Aleksandr Viktorenko
Aleksandr Serebrov |
166:6 |
Docked with Mir space station. Crew of Viktorenko and Serebrov returned in Soyuz TM-8, Feb. 9, 1990. |
Space Shuttle
Atlantis (STS-34) |
Oct. 18, 1989 |
Donald E. Williams
Michael J. McCulley
Shannon W. Lucid
Franklin R. Chang-Diaz
Ellen S. Baker |
4:23:39 |
Thirty-first STS flight. Launched Jupiter probe and orbiter Galileo. |
Space Shuttle
Discovery (STS-33) |
Nov. 23, 1989 |
Frederick D. Gregory
John E. Blaha
Kathryn C. Thornton
F. Story Musgrave
Manley L. "Sonny" Carter |
5:0:7 |
Thirty-second STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. |
Space Shuttle
Columbia
(STS-32) |
Jan. 9, 1990 |
Daniel C. Brandenstein
James D. Wetherbee
Bonnie J. Dunbar
Marsha S. Ivins
G. David Low |
10:21 |
Thirty-third STS flight. Launched Syncom IV-5 and retrieved LDEF. |
| Soyuz TM-9 |
Feb. 11, 1990 |
Anatoly Solovyov
Aleksandr Balandin |
178:22:19 |
Docked with Mir space station. Crew returned Aug. 9, 1990, in Soyuz TM-9. |
Space Shuttle
Atlantis (STS-36) |
Feb. 28, 1990 |
John O. Creighton
John H. Casper
David C. Hilmers
Richard H. Mullane
Pierre J. Thuot |
4:10:19 |
Thirty-fourth STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. |
Space Shuttle
Discovery (STS-31) |
Apr. 24, 1990 |
Loren J. Shriver
Charles F. Bolden, Jr.
Steven A. Hawley
Bruce McCandless II
Kathryn D. Sullivan |
5:1:16 |
Thirty-fifth STS flight. Launched Hubble Space Telescope (HST). |
| Soyuz TM-10 |
Aug. 1, 1990 |
Gennady Manakov
Gennady Strekalov |
130:20:36 |
Docked with Mir space station. Crew returned Dec. 10, 1990, with Toyohiro Akiyama, Japanese astronaut. |
(continued)
| Spacecraft |
Launch Date |
Crew |
Flight Time
(days:hrs:min) |
Highlights |
Space Shuttle
Discovery (STS-41) |
Oct. 6, 1990 |
Richard N. Richards
Robert D. Cabana
Bruce E. Melnick
William M. Shepherd
Thomas D. Akers |
4:2:10 |
Thirty-sixth STS flight. Ulysses spacecraft to investigate interstellar space and the Sun. |
Space Shuttle
Atlantis (STS-38) |
Nov. 15, 1990 |
Richard O. Covey
Frank L. Culbertson, Jr.
Charles "Sam" Gemar
Robert C. Springer
Carl J. Meade |
4:21:55 |
Thirty-seventh STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. |
Space Shuttle
Columbia (STS-35) |
Dec. 2, 1990 |
Vance D. Brand
Guy S. Gardner
Jeffrey A. Hoffman
John M. "Mike" Lounge
Robert A. R. Parker |
8:23:5 |
Thirty-eighth STS flight. Astro-1 in cargo bay. |
| Soyuz TM-11 |
Dec. 2, 1990 |
Viktor Afanasyev
Musa Manarov |
175:01:52 |
Docked with Mir space station. Toyohiro Akiyama returned Dec. 10, 1990, with previous Mir crew of Gennady Manakov and Gennady Strekalov. |
Space Shuttle
Atlantis (STS-37) |
Apr. 5, 1991 |
Steven R. Nagel
Kenneth D. Cameron
Linda Godwin
Jerry L. Ross
Jay Apt |
6:0:32 |
Thirty-ninth STS flight. Launched Gamma Ray Observatory to measure celestial gamma-rays. |
Space Shuttle
Discovery (STS-39) |
Apr. 28, 1991 |
Michael L. Coats
Blaine Hammond, Jr.
Gregory L. Harbaugh
Donald R. McMonagle
Guion S. Bluford, Jr.
Lacy Veach
Richard J. Hieb |
8:7:22 |
Fortieth STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. |
| Soyuz TM-12 |
May 18, 1991 |
Anatoly Artsebarskiy
Sergei Krikalev
Helen Sharman |
144:15:22 |
Docked with Mir space station. Helen Sharman first from United Kingdom to fly in space. Crew of Viktor Afanasyev, Musa Manarov, and Helen Sharman returned May 20, 1991. Artsebarskiy and Krikalev remained on board Mir, with Artsebarskiy returning Oct. 10, 1991, and Krikalev doing so
Mar. 25, 1992. |
Space Shuttle
Columbia (STS-40) |
Jun. 5, 1991 |
Bryan D. O'Conner
Sidney M. Gutierrez
James P. Bagian
Tamara E. Jernigan
M. Rhea Seddon
Francis A. "Drew" Gaffney
Millie Hughes-Fulford |
9:2:15 |
Forty-first STS flight. Carried Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1) in cargo bay. |
Space Shuttle
Atlantis (STS-43) |
Aug. 2, 1991 |
John E. Blaha
Michael A. Baker
Shannon W. Lucid
G. David Low
James C. Adamson |
8:21:21 |
Forty-second STS flight. Launched fourth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-5). |
Space Shuttle
Discovery (STS-48) |
Sept. 12, 1991 |
John Creighton
Kenneth Reightler, Jr.
Charles D. Gemar
James F. Buchli
Mark N. Brown |
5:8:28 |
Forty-third STS flight. Launched Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). |
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Curator: Lillian Gipson
Last Updated: July 19, 1996
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