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Appendix C
U.S. and Russian Human Spaceflights, 1961-Sep. 30, 1995
(continued)
Spacecraft |
Launch Date |
Crew |
Flight Time (days:hrs:min) |
Highlights |
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-27) |
Dec. 2, 1988 |
Robert "Hoot" Gibson Guy S. Gardner Richard M. Mullane Jerry L. Ross William M. Shepherd |
4:9:6 |
Twenty-seventh STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. |
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-29) |
Mar. 13, 1989 |
Michael L. Coats John E. Blaha James P. Bagian James F. Buchli Robert C. Springer |
4:23:39 |
Twenty-eighth STS flight. Launched TDRS-4. |
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-30) |
May 4, 1989 |
David M. Walker Ronald J. Grabe Nomman E. Thagard Mary L. Cleave Mark C. Lee |
4:0:57 |
Twenty-ninth STS flight. Venus orbiter Magellan launched. |
Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-28) |
Aug. 8, 1989 |
Brewster H. Shaw Richard N. Richards James C. Adamson David C. Leestma Mark N. Brown |
5:1 |
Thirtieth STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. |
Soyuz TM-8 |
Sep. 5, 1989 |
Aleksandr Viktorenko Aleksandr Serebrov |
166:6 |
Docked with Mir space station. Crew of Viktorenko and Serebrov returned in Soyuz TM-8, Feb. 9, 1990. |
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-34) |
Oct. 18, 1989 |
Donald E. Williams Michael J. McCulley Shannon W. Lucid Franklin R. Chang-Diaz Ellen S. Baker |
4:23:39 |
Thirty-first STS flight. Launched Jupiter probe and orbiter Galileo. |
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-33) |
Nov. 23, 1989 |
Frederick D. Gregory John E. Blaha Kathryn C. Thornton F. Story Musgrave Manley L. "Sonny" Carter |
5:0:7 |
Thirty-second STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. |
Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-32) |
Jan. 9, 1990 |
Daniel C. Brandenstein James D. Wetherbee Bonnie J. Dunbar Marsha S. Ivins G. David Low |
10:21 |
Thirty-third STS flight. Launched Syncom IV-5 and retrieved LDEF. |
Soyuz TM-9 |
Feb. 11, 1990 |
Anatoly Solovyov Aleksandr Balandin |
178:22:19 |
Docked with Mir space station. Crew returned Aug. 9, 1990, in Soyuz TM-9. |
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-36) |
Feb. 28, 1990 |
John O. Creighton John H. Casper David C. Hilmers Richard H. Mullane Pierre J. Thuot |
4:10:19 |
Thirty-fourth STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. |
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-31) |
Apr. 24, 1990 |
Loren J. Shriver Charles F. Bolden, Jr. Steven A. Hawley Bruce McCandless II Kathryn D. Sullivan |
5:1:16 |
Thirty-fifth STS flight. Launched Hubble Space Telescope (HST). |
Soyuz TM-10 |
Aug. 1, 1990 |
Gennady Manakov Gennady Strekalov |
130:20:36 |
Docked with Mir space station. Crew returned Dec. 10, 1990, with Toyohiro Akiyama, Japanese astronaut. |
(continued)
Spacecraft |
Launch Date |
Crew |
Flight Time (days:hrs:min) |
Highlights |
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-41) |
Oct. 6, 1990 |
Richard N. Richards Robert D. Cabana Bruce E. Melnick William M. Shepherd Thomas D. Akers |
4:2:10 |
Thirty-sixth STS flight. Ulysses spacecraft to investigate interstellar space and the Sun. |
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-38) |
Nov. 15, 1990 |
Richard O. Covey Frank L. Culbertson, Jr. Charles "Sam" Gemar Robert C. Springer Carl J. Meade |
4:21:55 |
Thirty-seventh STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. |
Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-35) |
Dec. 2, 1990 |
Vance D. Brand Guy S. Gardner Jeffrey A. Hoffman John M. "Mike" Lounge Robert A. R. Parker |
8:23:5 |
Thirty-eighth STS flight. Astro-1 in cargo bay. |
Soyuz TM-11 |
Dec. 2, 1990 |
Viktor Afanasyev Musa Manarov |
175:01:52 |
Docked with Mir space station. Toyohiro Akiyama returned Dec. 10, 1990, with previous Mir crew of Gennady Manakov and Gennady Strekalov. |
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-37) |
Apr. 5, 1991 |
Steven R. Nagel Kenneth D. Cameron Linda Godwin Jerry L. Ross Jay Apt |
6:0:32 |
Thirty-ninth STS flight. Launched Gamma Ray Observatory to measure celestial gamma-rays. |
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-39) |
Apr. 28, 1991 |
Michael L. Coats Blaine Hammond, Jr. Gregory L. Harbaugh Donald R. McMonagle Guion S. Bluford, Jr. Lacy Veach Richard J. Hieb |
8:7:22 |
Fortieth STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. |
Soyuz TM-12 |
May 18, 1991 |
Anatoly Artsebarskiy Sergei Krikalev Helen Sharman |
144:15:22 |
Docked with Mir space station. Helen Sharman first from United Kingdom to fly in space. Crew of Viktor Afanasyev, Musa Manarov, and Helen Sharman returned May 20, 1991. Artsebarskiy and Krikalev remained on board Mir, with Artsebarskiy returning Oct. 10, 1991, and Krikalev doing so Mar. 25, 1992. |
Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-40) |
Jun. 5, 1991 |
Bryan D. O'Conner Sidney M. Gutierrez James P. Bagian Tamara E. Jernigan M. Rhea Seddon Francis A. "Drew" Gaffney Millie Hughes-Fulford |
9:2:15 |
Forty-first STS flight. Carried Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1) in cargo bay. |
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-43) |
Aug. 2, 1991 |
John E. Blaha Michael A. Baker Shannon W. Lucid G. David Low James C. Adamson |
8:21:21 |
Forty-second STS flight. Launched fourth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-5). |
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-48) |
Sept. 12, 1991 |
John Creighton Kenneth Reightler, Jr. Charles D. Gemar James F. Buchli Mark N. Brown |
5:8:28 |
Forty-third STS flight. Launched Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). |
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Curator: Lillian Gipson
Last Updated: July 19, 1996
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